to bark
→
to quarrel
24 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language | Aghul | |
| Lexeme | aluʜas | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The meanings are distrubuted between dialects. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | βαΰζω | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Meaning 2 | to grudge | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LSJ 311 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | ὑλακτέω | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to assault | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dutch | |
| Lexeme | aanblaffen | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse someone | |
| Reference | Mironov 1987: 15 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Erzya | |
| Lexeme | онгомс | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭрзРС 438 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gagauz | |
| Lexeme | sal- | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark, to yelp | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to quarrel, to scold | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ГРМС 395. | |
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karelian | |
| Lexeme | haukkuo | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | koko yön koirat haukuttih the dogs barked all night |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to quarrel | hiän haukku milma silmät veteh He scolded me to tears |
| Reference | Zajkov, Rugoeva 1999: 25 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kazakh | |
| Lexeme | абалау | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse | |
| Reference | Syzdykova, Xusain (eds.) 2008: 19 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kildin Saami | |
| Lexeme | угкэ | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | пēннэ угк the dog is barking |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse | |
| Reference | Kuruč 1985: 367 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | увтны | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark (at smn) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to scold | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | КомиРС 677 | |
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | женгыны | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark loudly | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to quarrel | |
| Reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lithuanian | |
| Lexeme | lóti | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to scold | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LRŽ 387 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Modern Greek | |
| Lexeme | βαβίζω | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Хориков, Малев 175 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Modern Greek | |
| Lexeme | γαυγίζω | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Хориков, Малев 207 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Moksha | |
| Lexeme | лавгамс | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | пинень лавгась the dog was barking |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse | саты лавгамс фкя-фкянь лангс Stop quarelling |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | МокшРС 318 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Moksha | |
| Lexeme | увамс | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Meaning 2 | to scold, to rebuke | Лама уват - тонцьке уваф улят If you use gross language to much, someone will surely use it on you |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | МокшРС 770 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | arkat'sja | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark at each other | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse | А ты не больно аркайся! Don't you dare to use gross language! |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | dialectal word СРНГ 1, 275-276 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | brehat' | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Meaning 2 | to shout, to make noise, to yell | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | lajat' | |
| Lexeme 2 | lajat'sja, oblajat' | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Meaning 2 | to quarrel, to scold | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Cf. Bel. лаяць 'to scold', лаянка 'quarrel', Ucr. лайка 'quarrel', Pol. polajanka 'quarrel' (СД 1, 250) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | mkemeo | |
| Meaning 1 | shout, bark, roar | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | quarrel, scolding | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | ämpar ap’ub | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark (lit. to make a bark, derived from an onomatopoeic word) | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 70) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Uzbek | |
| Lexeme | akilla- | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark | |
| Meaning 2 | to swear, to curse, to lie | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yakut | |
| Lexeme | маргый- | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark loudly (dog) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to shout loudly and angrily | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЯРС 235. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yaqui (Hiaki) | |
| Lexeme | voe | |
| Meaning 1 | to bark (of a dog) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to argue (with emo) | |
| Reference | Dictionary Yaqui: 189 | |
| Comment | ||
ср. серб-хорв. псовка 'брань', макед. пцоста, пцувка (СД 1, 250)