to bark → to quarrel 26 realizations
ACCEPTED Realization 1
type Cognates
language Aghul
lexeme aluʜas
meaning 1 to bark
meaning 2 to swear, to curse
reference
comment The meanings are distrubuted between dialects.
ACCEPTED Realization 2
type Polysemy
language Ancient Greek
lexeme βαΰζω
meaning 1 to bark
meaning 2 to grudge
reference
comment LSJ 311
ACCEPTED Realization 3
type Polysemy
language Ancient Greek
lexeme ὑλακτέω
meaning 1 to bark
direction →
meaning 2 to assault
reference
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 4
type Polysemy
language Dutch
lexeme aanblaffen
meaning 1 to bark
direction →
meaning 2 to swear, to curse someone
reference Mironov 1987: 15
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 5
type Polysemy
language Erzya
lexeme онгомс
meaning 1 to bark
direction →
meaning 2 to swear, to curse
reference
comment ЭрзРС 438
ACCEPTED Realization 6
type Polysemy
language Gagauz
lexeme sal-
meaning 1 to bark, to yelp
direction —
meaning 2 to quarrel, to scold
reference
comment ГРМС 395.
ACCEPTED Realization 7
type Polysemy
language Karelian
lexeme haukkuo
meaning 1 to bark

koko yön koirat haukuttih


the dogs barked all night
direction →
meaning 2 to quarrel

hiän haukku milma silmät veteh


He scolded me to tears
reference Zajkov, Rugoeva 1999: 25
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 8
type Polysemy
language Kazakh
lexeme абалау
meaning 1 to bark
direction →
meaning 2 to swear, to curse
reference Syzdykova, Xusain (eds.) 2008: 19
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 9
type Polysemy
language Kildin Saami
lexeme угкэ
meaning 1 to bark пēннэ угк
the dog is barking
direction —
meaning 2 to swear, to curse
reference Kuruč 1985: 367
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 10
type Polysemy
language Komi
lexeme увтны
meaning 1 to bark (at smn)
direction →
meaning 2 to scold
reference
comment КомиРС 677
ACCEPTED Realization 11
type Polysemy
language Komi
lexeme женгыны
meaning 1 to bark loudly
direction →
meaning 2 to quarrel
reference Beznosikova et al. 2000
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 12
type Polysemy
language Komi-Permyak
lexeme кавгыны
meaning 1 to bark
direction →
meaning 2 to quarrel
reference <personally collected data>
comment

https://dict.fu-lab.ru/term?tid=1287600
ACCEPTED Realization 13
type Polysemy
language Komi-Permyak
lexeme лявзыны
meaning 1 to bark
direction →
meaning 2 to quarrel
reference <personally collected data>
comment

https://dict.fu-lab.ru/term?tid=1308126
ACCEPTED Realization 14
type Polysemy
language Lithuanian
lexeme lóti
meaning 1 to bark
direction →
meaning 2 to scold
reference
comment LRŽ 387
ACCEPTED Realization 15
type Polysemy
language Modern Greek
lexeme βαβίζω
meaning 1 to bark
direction —
meaning 2 to swear, to curse
reference
comment Хориков, Малев 175
ACCEPTED Realization 16
type Polysemy
language Modern Greek
lexeme γαυγίζω
meaning 1 to bark
direction →
meaning 2 to swear, to curse
reference
comment Хориков, Малев 207
ACCEPTED Realization 17
type Polysemy
language Moksha
lexeme лавгамс
meaning 1 to bark пинень лавгась
the dog was barking
meaning 2 to swear, to curse саты лавгамс фкя-фкянь лангс
Stop quarelling
reference
comment МокшРС 318
ACCEPTED Realization 18
type Polysemy
language Moksha
lexeme увамс
meaning 1 to bark
meaning 2 to scold, to rebuke Лама уват - тонцьке уваф улят
If you use gross language to much, someone will surely use it on you
reference
comment МокшРС 770
ACCEPTED Realization 19
type Polysemy
language Russian
lexeme аркаться (arkat'sja)
meaning 1 to bark at each other
direction —
meaning 2 to swear, to curse А ты не больно аркайся!
Don't you dare to use gross language!
reference
comment dialectal word СРНГ 1, 275-276
ACCEPTED Realization 20
type Polysemy
language Russian
lexeme брехать (brehat')
meaning 1 to bark
direction —
meaning 2 to shout, to make noise, to yell
reference
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 21
type Derivation
language Russian
lexeme 1 лаять (lajat')
lexeme 2 лаяться, облаять (lajat'sja, oblajat')
meaning 1 to bark
direction —
meaning 2 to quarrel, to scold
reference
comment Cf. Bel. лаяць 'to scold', лаянка 'quarrel', Ucr. лайка 'quarrel', Pol. polajanka 'quarrel' (СД 1, 250)
ACCEPTED Realization 22
type Polysemy
language Swahili
lexeme mkemeo
meaning 1 shout, bark, roar
direction —
meaning 2 quarrel, scolding
reference
comment Polikanov
ACCEPTED Realization 23
type Polysemy
language Tabassaran
lexeme ämpar ap’ub
meaning 1 to bark (lit. to make a bark, derived from an onomatopoeic word)
direction —
meaning 2 to swear, to curse
reference
comment (TabRus 70)
ACCEPTED Realization 24
type Polysemy
language Uzbek
lexeme akilla-
meaning 1 to bark
meaning 2 to swear, to curse, to lie
reference
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 25
type Polysemy
language Yakut
lexeme маргый-
meaning 1 to bark loudly (dog)
direction →
meaning 2 to shout loudly and angrily
reference
comment ЯРС 235.
ACCEPTED Realization 26
type Polysemy
language Yaqui (Hiaki)
lexeme voe
meaning 1 to bark (of a dog)
direction →
meaning 2 to argue (with emo)
reference Dictionary Yaqui: 189
comment

© Anna A. Zalizniak et al. 2000-2025