army → people, nation 6 realizations
ACCEPTED Realization 1
type Polysemy
language Ancient Greek
lexeme λαός
meaning 1 people, population
direction —
meaning 2 army
reference
comment LSJ 1029-1030
ACCEPTED Realization 2
type Cognates
language 1 Chechen
language 2 Avar
lexeme 1 bʕo
lexeme 2 bo
meaning 1 army
direction —
meaning 2 people; community (from several villages); army, troops
reference
comment The old lexeme meaning ‘people-army’. Reconstructed at the Proto-North-Caucasian level (Nikolayev, Starostin): *ʡwǝ̆hri ( ˜ -e) ‘troops, army’: Proto-Nakh: *bʡo, Proto-Avaro-Andi *ʔin-ħʷa, Proto-Tsez *ħɔz:ʷ, Proto-Lak *aIra-l, Proto-West-Caucasian *ŕǝ
ACCEPTED Realization 3
type Cognates
language 1 Old East Slavic
language 2 Old High German
lexeme 1 пълкъ
lexeme 2 folc
meaning 1 army, troop, squad, fight, military campaign
direction —
meaning 2 people, army
reference
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 4
type Cognates
language 1 Old High German
language 2 Hittite
lexeme 1 diot
lexeme 2 tuzzi-
meaning 1 people
direction —
meaning 2 army
reference
comment (Иванов, Гамкрелидзе 1984, 749)
ACCEPTED Realization 5
type Polysemy
language Old Persian
lexeme kāra-
meaning 1 people
direction —
meaning 2 army
reference
comment  Lith. kãras, kãrė ‘war’, Prus. kargis ‘army’, Old Icel. herr ‘army’, Got. harjis ‘army’, Old High Germ. heri ‘army’, Mid. Irel. cuire ‘crowd’
ACCEPTED Realization 6
type Polysemy
language Yakut
lexeme сэрии
meaning 1 people (colloq., figur.) пограничнай сэриилэр
border troops
direction ←
meaning 2 army сэрии үрдүгэр буор ыспат
You cannot blanket the nation power with earth (proverb)
reference
comment ЯРС 368. The source meaning is that of "army".

© Anna A. Zalizniak et al. 2000-2025