to tremble
→
to fear, be afraid
23 realizations
Related shifts
ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Semantic evolution | |
language 1 | Ancient Greek | |
language 2 | Modern Greek | |
lexeme | φρίσσω | |
meaning 1 | to tremble, to quiver, to shiver | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
reference | ||
comment | cf. also loanwords: Alb. frikë ‘worry, fear’, Rum. frică ‘fear’ |
ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Ancient Greek | |
lexeme | τρέμω | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | τρέμε δ᾽ οὔρεα the mountains trembled (Homer) |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | πόσιν τρέμοσα, μὴ δόμων νιν ἐκβάλη fearing that her husband would kick her away |
reference | ||
comment | LSJ 1813. The same in the verb τρομέω |
ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Armenian | |
lexeme | srsp(h)al | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
reference | ||
comment | АрмРС 620 |
ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Burmese | |
lexeme | тоун | |
meaning 1 | to vibrate, to tremble | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
reference | ||
comment | Novikov et al. 1976, 251 |
ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Erzya | |
lexeme | сорномс | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
reference | ||
comment | ЭрзРС 603 |
ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Semantic evolution | |
language | French | |
lexeme | craindre | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
reference | Doza 1956: 201 | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | French | |
lexeme | trembler | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | trembler de peur to tremble with fear |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | Il tremblait d'apprendre la vérité. He was afraid to find out the truth. |
reference | Larousse online | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Geez | |
lexeme | rəʕda | |
meaning 1 | tremble, quake | rəʕdat wa-ʔadlaḳlaḳat mədr 'the earth quaked and shook' (Ps. 17:8) |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | shudder | wa-farhat yəʔəti bəʔəsit wa-rəʕdat 'and this woman was frightened and shook' (Mark 5:33) |
reference | ||
comment | (LGz. 459). |
ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Geez | |
lexeme | dangaḍa | |
meaning 1 | to tremble, to shake | wawwəʕu ʔəsrāʔel baʕabiy ḳāl wa-dangaḍat mədr (1 Reg. 4:5) And the Israelites shouted in a loud voice and the earth shook. |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to tremble from terror, fear, to be terrified, frightened | dangiḍomu gʷayyu (Judith 15:2) Having been frightened, they fled. |
reference | LLA: 1119-20 | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | German | |
lexeme | schaudern | |
meaning 1 | to tremble (with cold) | |
meaning 2 | to be terrified, to shudder | |
reference | ||
comment |
NEW Realization 11 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Hill Mari | |
lexeme | цӹтӹрӓш | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | tremble with fear | |
reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
comment |
NEW Realization 12 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Komi | |
lexeme | зӧрксьӧдны | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid, to fear | |
reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Latin | |
lexeme | pavito, -are | |
meaning 1 | to tremble, to be feverish | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
reference | ||
comment | Glare 1312-1313 |
ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Semantic evolution | |
language 1 | Latin | |
language 2 | French | |
lexeme 1 | tremo, -ere | |
lexeme 2 | craindre | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
reference | ||
comment | Glare 1969 |
ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Mandarin Chinese | |
lexeme | jì | |
meaning 1 | to wave, to vaccilate | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to tremble, to quiver (e.g. heart) | |
reference | ||
comment | БКРС 5189 |
ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Nganasan | |
lexeme | ңонiрмӱся | |
meaning 1 | to shudder, to startle | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to be scared | |
reference | ||
comment | НМС 2059 |
NEW Realization 17 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Russian | |
lexeme | содрогание | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | fear, horror | Нельзя было без содрогания представить того
беспросветного будущего, которое их ждало It was impossible to imagine the hopeless future
that awaited them without shuddering |
reference | NRC | |
comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Sanskrit | |
lexeme | vyath | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | |
direction | → | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid of | |
reference | MW | |
comment | MW1031, Кочергина 626 |
ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Sanskrit | |
lexeme | tras | |
meaning 1 | to tremble , quiver | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
reference | MW | |
comment | MW 457, Кочергина 249 |
ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Swahili | |
lexeme | sisim[u]ka | |
meaning 1 | to tremble | sisimuka kwa baridi to tremble with cold |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to shudder, to get scared | |
reference | ||
comment | Polikanov |
ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Swahili | |
lexeme | papa | |
meaning 1 | to beat, to pulsate | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to be anxious, to worry | moyo unampaра He is worried |
reference | ||
comment | Polikanov |
ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Tigrinya | |
lexeme | tänḳäṭḳäṭä | |
meaning 1 | to tremble, shiver | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | shudder, quiver, shake with fright | ʔabboʔu nəḥawu kiharrəmo məsrəʔe bəzuḥ tänḳäṭḳäṭä He trembled a lot when he saw his father beat his brother. |
reference | TED: 1046 | |
comment | Cf. also tänḳäṭḳaṭi 'timid, one who is frightened and trembles easily; tremblor, earthquake' (TED 1046). |
ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
---|---|---|
type | Polysemy | |
language | Udmurt | |
lexeme | куалектыны | |
meaning 1 | to shudder, to startle | |
direction | — | |
meaning 2 | to be frightened | |
reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
comment |
(Якубович 2003)