old man/grandfather
→
bear (Ursus)
18 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Even | |
| lexeme | каhan | |
| meaning 1 | old man | |
| meaning 2 | a die-hard bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Аникин 2000, 180 | |
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language 1 | Even | |
| language 2 | Yakut | |
| lexeme | кееуа | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (dialect, euphemism) polar bear | |
| reference | Bagardynov 2020 | |
| comment | DSJJ I, 114 | |
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Even | |
| lexeme | абага | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | bear (Ursus) | |
| reference | Robbek, Robbek 2005: 31, 32 | |
| comment | Also āбаӈя with both meanings |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Evenki | |
| lexeme | амāкā | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather, ancestor | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | bear | |
| reference | Vasilevič 1958: 26 SSTM: 1, 34 Boldyrev 2000: 1, 31 | |
| comment | Also the Evenki эвенк. Авага ТМС 1,38 | |
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Evenki | |
| lexeme | амаакаа | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | bear (Ursus) | |
| reference | Vasilevič 1958 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khakas | |
| lexeme | apšyjaq | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather, old man | |
| meaning 2 | bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | In the second meaning the word was borrowed into the Russian dialects of Siberia. ДТС 3, Аникин 2000, 73 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kolyma (Southern) Yukaghir | |
| lexeme | хāхā | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather, old man | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mansi | |
| lexeme | ōpa | |
| meaning 1 | old man, grandfather | |
| meaning 2 | bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | From the Turk. Aba | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old Turkic | |
| lexeme | aba | |
| meaning 1 | father | |
| meaning 2 | bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ДТС | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | deduška | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather, gaffer | |
| meaning 2 | bear | эттака двое дедушки ходят So there are two bears walking around |
| reference | ||
| comment | In the Urals and Lower Indigirka idioms cf. also the Kolyma dialectal adjective дедушковатый 'having many bears' Аникин 2000, 180 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | starik | |
| meaning 1 | old man | |
| meaning 2 | "a name given to a bear in third person" | |
| reference | ||
| comment | In the Kolyma idioms of Russian Аникин 2000, 508 | |
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| lexeme 1 | хайчиэ | |
| lexeme 2 | хайчиэтэгэ | |
| meaning 1 | old man/grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | bear (Ursus) | |
| reference | Kurilov 2001 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tuvan | |
| lexeme | irej | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather, old man | |
| meaning 2 | bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | In the Todzhin idiom of Tuvin. In Tuvin it has been borrowed from the Samoyedic languages (Mator. Irei 'bear' < Sam. *irэ- 'old man') | |
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tuvan | |
| lexeme | ире, ирей | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | bear (Ursus) | |
| reference | Suvandii 2016: 139 | |
| comment | Todzhi dialect | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Udihe | |
| lexeme | мафа | |
| meaning 1 | old man | |
| meaning 2 | bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Кормушин 1998, 259 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yakut | |
| lexeme | эhэ | |
| meaning 1 | old man, grandfather | эhэм my grandfather |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | bear | үрүҥ эhэ polar bear |
| reference | ||
| comment | ЯРС 548. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yakut | |
| lexeme | оҕонньор | |
| meaning 1 | old man | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (euphemism) bear | |
| reference | Bagardynov 2020 | |
| comment | Аникин 2000, 508 | |
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yakut | |
| lexeme | кырдьаҕас | |
| meaning 1 | old, elderly; old man | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (euphemism) bear | |
| reference | Bagardynov 2020 | |
| comment | ||
еще эвенк. atyrkān 'старуха', atyrkānga 'медведь' Василевич 1958, 40