old man/grandfather
→
bear (Ursus)
18 realizations
Related shifts
ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Even | |
Lexeme | каhan | |
Meaning 1 | old man | |
Meaning 2 | a die-hard bear | |
Reference | ||
Comment | Аникин 2000, 180 |
NEW Realization 2 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Borrowing | |
Language 1 | Even | |
Language 2 | Yakut | |
Lexeme | кееуа | |
Meaning 1 | grandfather | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | (dialect, euphemism) polar bear | |
Reference | Bagardynov 2020 | |
Comment | DSJJ I, 114 |
NEW Realization 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Even | |
Lexeme | абага | |
Meaning 1 | grandfather | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | bear (Ursus) | |
Reference | Robbek, Robbek 2005: 31, 32 | |
Comment | Also āбаӈя with both meanings |
ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Evenki | |
Lexeme | амāкā | |
Meaning 1 | grandfather, ancestor | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | bear | |
Reference | Vasilevič 1958: 26 SSTM: 1, 34 Boldyrev 2000: 1, 31 | |
Comment | Also the Evenki эвенк. Авага ТМС 1,38 |
NEW Realization 5 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Evenki | |
Lexeme | амаакаа | |
Meaning 1 | grandfather | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | bear (Ursus) | |
Reference | Vasilevič 1958 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Khakas | |
Lexeme | apšyjaq | |
Meaning 1 | grandfather, old man | |
Meaning 2 | bear | |
Reference | ||
Comment | In the second meaning the word was borrowed into the Russian dialects of Siberia. ДТС 3, Аникин 2000, 73 |
ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Kolyma (Southern) Yukaghir | |
Lexeme | хāхā | |
Meaning 1 | grandfather, old man | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | bear | |
Reference | ||
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Mansi | |
Lexeme | ōpa | |
Meaning 1 | old man, grandfather | |
Meaning 2 | bear | |
Reference | ||
Comment | From the Turk. Aba |
ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Old Turkic | |
Lexeme | aba | |
Meaning 1 | father | |
Meaning 2 | bear | |
Reference | ||
Comment | ДТС |
ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Russian | |
Lexeme | deduška | |
Meaning 1 | grandfather, gaffer | |
Meaning 2 | bear | эттака двое дедушки ходят So there are two bears walking around |
Reference | ||
Comment | In the Urals and Lower Indigirka idioms cf. also the Kolyma dialectal adjective дедушковатый 'having many bears' Аникин 2000, 180 |
ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Russian | |
Lexeme | starik | |
Meaning 1 | old man | |
Meaning 2 | "a name given to a bear in third person" | |
Reference | ||
Comment | In the Kolyma idioms of Russian Аникин 2000, 508 |
NEW Realization 12 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Derivation | |
Language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
Lexeme 1 | хайчиэ | |
Lexeme 2 | хайчиэтэгэ | |
Meaning 1 | old man/grandfather | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | bear (Ursus) | |
Reference | Kurilov 2001 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tuvan | |
Lexeme | irej | |
Meaning 1 | grandfather, old man | |
Meaning 2 | bear | |
Reference | ||
Comment | In the Todzhin idiom of Tuvin. In Tuvin it has been borrowed from the Samoyedic languages (Mator. Irei 'bear' < Sam. *irэ- 'old man') |
NEW Realization 14 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tuvan | |
Lexeme | ире, ирей | |
Meaning 1 | grandfather | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | bear (Ursus) | |
Reference | Suvandii 2016: 139 | |
Comment | Todzhi dialect |
ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Udihe | |
Lexeme | мафа | |
Meaning 1 | old man | |
Meaning 2 | bear | |
Reference | ||
Comment | Кормушин 1998, 259 |
ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Yakut | |
Lexeme | эhэ | |
Meaning 1 | old man, grandfather | эhэм my grandfather |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | bear | үрүҥ эhэ polar bear |
Reference | ||
Comment | ЯРС 548. |
ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Yakut | |
Lexeme | оҕонньор | |
Meaning 1 | old man | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | (euphemism) bear | |
Reference | Bagardynov 2020 | |
Comment | Аникин 2000, 508 |
NEW Realization 18 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Yakut | |
Lexeme | кырдьаҕас | |
Meaning 1 | old, elderly; old man | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | (euphemism) bear | |
Reference | Bagardynov 2020 | |
Comment |
еще эвенк. atyrkān 'старуха', atyrkānga 'медведь' Василевич 1958, 40