to suffer
—
to endure
10 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme | suffer | |
| Meaning 1 | to suffer | I suffer from headaches |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to tolerate, to endure | I cannot suffer him. How can you suffer such insolence? France will no longer suffer the existing government. |
| Reference | ODE | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme | leiden | |
| Meaning 1 | to suffer | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to endure | |
| Reference | Moskal'skaja (ed.) 2001 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | szenved | |
| Meaning 1 | to suffer | szenvedni az igazságért to suffer for the truth |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to endure | vereséget szenvedni to endure failure |
| Reference | Гальди 1974: 687 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Italian | |
| Lexeme | patire | |
| Meaning 1 | to suffer | patire di stomaco |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to endure | non patire il sole do not tolerate sunlight |
| Reference | Zor'ko et al. 2002 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Latin | |
| Lexeme | patior, pati | |
| Meaning 1 | to suffer, to undergo | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to bear with equanimity, to tolerate, to put up with | |
| Reference | Glare: 1309 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Modern Greek | |
| Lexeme | υποφέρω | |
| Meaning 1 | to suffer | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to endure | |
| Reference | Xorikov, Malev 1993: 779 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Polish | |
| Lexeme | cierpieć | |
| Meaning 1 | to suffer | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to endure | |
| Reference | Gessen, Stypula 1980: 1, 113 | |
| Comment | Also Czech trpět, Slovene trpẹ́ti | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Portuguese | |
| Lexeme | padecer | |
| Meaning 1 | to suffer | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to endure | |
| Reference | Feerštejn, Starec 2005: 591 | |
| Comment | from Vulgar Latin *patīscere, from Latin patior 'to suffer' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Spanish | |
| Lexeme | sufrir | |
| Meaning 1 | to suffer | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to endure | no puedo sufrir (a uno) I can't tolerate (smb.) |
| Reference | Narumov 1995 | |
| Comment | Also Romanian suferi, Portuguese sofrer, French souffrir | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tibetan | |
| Lexeme | bze-re | |
| Meaning 1 | suffering, torment, pain | |
| Meaning 2 | patience | bze-re-chung-ba impatient, hot tempered |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Рерих VIII, 192. Cf. also bzod-pa 'to suffer, to stand, to bear'. | |