earth, soil
→
country, land
52 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Barbareño | |
| Lexeme | shup | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground, soil, dirt | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bulgarian | |
| Lexeme | земя | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | обработване на земята cultivation of the earth |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | българска земя Bulgarian state |
| Reference | Bernštejn 1966: 197 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Central Hill Nisenan | |
| Lexeme | k’aw | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | place | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Cochimi | |
| Lexeme | ʔ-met ~ ʔ-mat | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | place | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Cocopa | |
| Lexeme | maṭ | |
| Meaning 1 | ground, dirt, earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land, country, (city) lot | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Croatian | |
| Lexeme | zemlja | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | kamenita (kamenljiva) zemlja rocky (stony) soil |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | zemlja primitka country of receipt |
| Reference | HJP | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Erzya | |
| Lexeme | мастор | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | мастор ёжо earth's surface |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land, homeland | велявтомс чачома мастеров return to the homeland |
| Reference | Serebrennikov et al. 1993: 366 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Estonian | |
| Lexeme | maa | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Veskimägi et al. 1995: 455 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | زمین zamin | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | زمین شور zamin-e šur saline soil |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 765 | |
| Comment | ПРС 420. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | خاک xāk | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil, sand | خاک رس xāk-e ros clay soil |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country | وسعت خاک ايران vos'at-e xāk-e irān extent of Iranian territory |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 529 | |
| Comment | ПРС 298-299. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | föld | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | fagyos föld frozen ground |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Гальди 1974: 253 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Iipay | |
| Lexeme | ʔəmat ~ mat ~ ʔəmaṭ | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground, dirt, clay | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | land | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ineseño | |
| Lexeme | šup | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil, dirt | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | place | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Itelmen | |
| Lexeme | сəмт | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country | |
| Reference | Volodin, Xalojmova 1989: 82 PIRS: 231 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Japanese | |
| Lexeme | chi (地) | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | region | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | EDICT. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karaim | |
| Lexeme | йэр | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | land, country, region | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | КРПС 273 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karaim | |
| Lexeme | топрах | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, dust | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | region, land | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | КРПС 538. | |
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karelian | |
| Lexeme | mua | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | pehmie mua soft earth |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | missä muassa sie elät? what country do you live in? |
| Reference | Zajkov, Rugoeva 1999: 107 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khamnigan Mongol | |
| Lexeme | ɢaʒar | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Damdinov, Sundueva 2015: 94 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kiliwa | |
| Lexeme | ʔmat | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land, place | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kitanemuk | |
| Lexeme | tɨva-č | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | му (mu) | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | вына му fertile soil |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | мӧд муысь вои I came from another country |
| Reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Koryak | |
| Lexeme | нутэнут | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Žukova 1990: 61 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ko’alh | |
| Lexeme | maṭ̌ | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lakota | |
| Lexeme | makȟá | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land, estate | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lowland Oaxaca Chontal | |
| Lexeme | amats’ | |
| Meaning 1 | soil | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | earth, ground, land | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mansi | |
| Lexeme | мā (mā) | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Afanas'eva, Sobjanina 2012 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Maricopa | |
| Lexeme | ʔmat ~ mat | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land, field | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Meadow Mari | |
| Lexeme | мланде (mlande) | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil, ground | Мландым куралаш plow the ground |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land, country, state, locality, place, owned territory | Йот мланде foreign land |
| Reference | Marij jylme muter | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Molala | |
| Lexeme | laŋs | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| Lexeme | gaʒar | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | place | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nivkh | |
| Lexeme | миф | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Savel'eva, Taksami 1970: 187-188 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Old English | |
| Lexeme | land, lond | |
| Meaning 1 | soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | lot, country | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Quechan | |
| Lexeme | ʔəmaṭ | |
| Meaning 1 | land, dirt, clay | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | territory, place, country, continent | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | zemlja | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground | Растирать в ладонях землю. to rub earth in one's hands |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | land | Новгородская земля The land of Novgorod |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | pṛthvī | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | country | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Also the name of the godess of earth. Cf. also pṛthvī-tala 'ground surface, soil', 'world' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Santee-Sisseton | |
| Lexeme | makhá | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land, estate | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Serbian | |
| Lexeme | земља (zemlja) | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | Sledeći dan je moguće kopati zemlju kao i običnim prolećnim danom. The next day, it is possible to dig the ground as on an ordinary spring day. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | Egipat je zemlja veselih i srdačnih ljudi, dobre muzike, lepih pejzaža i pregršt mogućnosti za dobru avanturu. Egypt is a country of cheerful and cordial people, good music, beautiful landscapes and a handful of opportunities for a good adventure. |
| Reference | CLARIN.SI | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Seri | |
| Lexeme | hant | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, dirt, land | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land, place | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Serrano | |
| Lexeme | tiyʳvac | |
| Meaning 1 | earth; ground | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Somali | |
| Lexeme | carro | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Alejnikov 2012: 51 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Somali | |
| Lexeme | dhul | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Alejnikov 2012: 99 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tatar | |
| Lexeme | туфрак | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (poetic) country, land | |
| Reference | Asylgaraev, Ganiev et al. (eds.) 2007: 2, 443 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tatar | |
| Lexeme | жир | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | area, district, locality, region, territory | |
| Reference | Asylgaraev, Ganiev et al. (eds.) 2007: 1, 400-401 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tibetan | |
| Lexeme | shing-sa | |
| Meaning 1 | soil, earth | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | region, province | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Рерих VIII, 74. | |
| NEW Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| Lexeme | лукул | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | terrain, locality | |
| Reference | Kurilov 2001: 215 | |
| Comment | лукунбурэбэ 'Earth (planet); country, land' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udmurt | |
| Lexeme | му (mu) | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | гордсюй му clay soil |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | plot of field, area | картофка му plot of field under the potato |
| Reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udmurt | |
| Lexeme | музъем | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | land | |
| Reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ventureño | |
| Lexeme | šup | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Wikchamni | |
| Lexeme | pʰaʔan | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | country, land | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yankton-Yanktonai | |
| Lexeme | makȟá | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | land, estate | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yaqui (Hiaki) | |
| Lexeme | bwia | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, land, soil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | area, region, country | |
| Reference | Dictionary Yaqui: 17 | |
| Comment | ||