earth, soil
→
country, land
54 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Barbareño | |
| lexeme | shup | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground, soil, dirt | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bulgarian | |
| lexeme | земя | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | обработване на земята cultivation of the earth |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | българска земя Bulgarian state |
| reference | Bernštejn 1966: 197 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Central Hill Nisenan | |
| lexeme | k’aw | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | place | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Cochimi | |
| lexeme | ʔ-met ~ ʔ-mat | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | place | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Cocopa | |
| lexeme | maṭ | |
| meaning 1 | ground, dirt, earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land, country, (city) lot | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Croatian | |
| lexeme | zemlja | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | kamenita (kamenljiva) zemlja rocky (stony) soil |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | zemlja primitka country of receipt |
| reference | HJP | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Erzya | |
| lexeme | мастор | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | мастор ёжо earth's surface |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land, homeland | велявтомс чачома мастеров return to the homeland |
| reference | Serebrennikov et al. 1993: 366 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Estonian | |
| lexeme | maa | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Veskimägi et al. 1995: 455 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Farsi | |
| lexeme | زمین zamin | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | زمین شور zamin-e šur saline soil |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Rubinčik 1970: 765 | |
| comment | ПРС 420. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Farsi | |
| lexeme | خاک xāk | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil, sand | خاک رس xāk-e ros clay soil |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country | وسعت خاک ايران vos'at-e xāk-e irān extent of Iranian territory |
| reference | Rubinčik 1970: 529 | |
| comment | ПРС 298-299. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | föld | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | fagyos föld frozen ground |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Гальди 1974: 253 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Iipay | |
| lexeme | ʔəmat ~ mat ~ ʔəmaṭ | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground, dirt, clay | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | land | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ineseño | |
| lexeme | šup | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil, dirt | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | place | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Itelmen | |
| lexeme | сəмт | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country | |
| reference | Volodin, Xalojmova 1989: 82 PIRS: 231 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme | chi (地) | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | region | |
| reference | ||
| comment | EDICT. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Karaim | |
| lexeme | йэр | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | land, country, region | |
| reference | ||
| comment | КРПС 273 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Karaim | |
| lexeme | топрах | |
| meaning 1 | earth, dust | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | region, land | |
| reference | ||
| comment | КРПС 538. | |
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Karelian | |
| lexeme | mua | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | pehmie mua soft earth |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | missä muassa sie elät? what country do you live in? |
| reference | Zajkov, Rugoeva 1999: 107 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khamnigan Mongol | |
| lexeme | ɢaʒar | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Damdinov, Sundueva 2015: 94 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khmer | |
| lexeme | dəy (ដី) | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | land, ground, territory | |
| reference | SEAlang Khmer | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kiliwa | |
| lexeme | ʔmat | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land, place | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kitanemuk | |
| lexeme | tɨva-č | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komi | |
| lexeme | му (mu) | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | вына му fertile soil |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | мӧд муысь вои I came from another country |
| reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komi-Permyak | |
| lexeme | му | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | https://dict.fu-lab.ru/term?tid=1308660 |
|
| NEW Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Koryak | |
| lexeme | нутэнут | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Žukova 1990: 61 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ko’alh | |
| lexeme | maṭ̌ | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lakota | |
| lexeme | makȟá | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land, estate | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lowland Oaxaca Chontal | |
| lexeme | amats’ | |
| meaning 1 | soil | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | earth, ground, land | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mansi | |
| lexeme | мā (mā) | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Afanas'eva, Sobjanina 2012 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Maricopa | |
| lexeme | ʔmat ~ mat | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land, field | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Meadow Mari | |
| lexeme | мланде (mlande) | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil, ground | Мландым куралаш plow the ground |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land, country, state, locality, place, owned territory | Йот мланде foreign land |
| reference | Marij jylme muter | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Molala | |
| lexeme | laŋs | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| lexeme | gaʒar | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | place | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nivkh | |
| lexeme | миф | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Savel'eva, Taksami 1970: 187-188 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old English | |
| lexeme | land, lond | |
| meaning 1 | soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | lot, country | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Quechan | |
| lexeme | ʔəmaṭ | |
| meaning 1 | land, dirt, clay | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | territory, place, country, continent | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | zemlja | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground | Растирать в ладонях землю. to rub earth in one's hands |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | land | Новгородская земля The land of Novgorod |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | pṛthvī | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | country | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Also the name of the godess of earth. Cf. also pṛthvī-tala 'ground surface, soil', 'world' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Santee-Sisseton | |
| lexeme | makhá | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land, estate | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serbian | |
| lexeme | земља (zemlja) | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | Sledeći dan je moguće kopati zemlju kao i običnim prolećnim danom. The next day, it is possible to dig the ground as on an ordinary spring day. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | Egipat je zemlja veselih i srdačnih ljudi, dobre muzike, lepih pejzaža i pregršt mogućnosti za dobru avanturu. Egypt is a country of cheerful and cordial people, good music, beautiful landscapes and a handful of opportunities for a good adventure. |
| reference | CLARIN.SI | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Seri | |
| lexeme | hant | |
| meaning 1 | earth, dirt, land | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land, place | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serrano | |
| lexeme | tiyʳvac | |
| meaning 1 | earth; ground | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Somali | |
| lexeme | carro | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Alejnikov 2012: 51 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Somali | |
| lexeme | dhul | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Alejnikov 2012: 99 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tatar | |
| lexeme | туфрак | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (poetic) country, land | |
| reference | Asylgaraev, Ganiev et al. (eds.) 2007: 2, 443 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tatar | |
| lexeme | жир | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | area, district, locality, region, territory | |
| reference | Asylgaraev, Ganiev et al. (eds.) 2007: 1, 400-401 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tibetan | |
| lexeme | shing-sa | |
| meaning 1 | soil, earth | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | region, province | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Рерих VIII, 74. | |
| NEW Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| lexeme | лукул | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | terrain, locality | |
| reference | Kurilov 2001: 215 | |
| comment | лукунбурэбэ 'Earth (planet); country, land' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Udmurt | |
| lexeme | му (mu) | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | гордсюй му clay soil |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | plot of field, area | картофка му plot of field under the potato |
| reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Udmurt | |
| lexeme | музъем | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | land | |
| reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ventureño | |
| lexeme | šup | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wikchamni | |
| lexeme | pʰaʔan | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | country, land | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 53 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yankton-Yanktonai | |
| lexeme | makȟá | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | land, estate | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 54 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yaqui (Hiaki) | |
| lexeme | bwia | |
| meaning 1 | earth, land, soil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | area, region, country | |
| reference | Dictionary Yaqui: 17 | |
| comment | ||