to defend
—
to pasture, shepherd
9 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | chunga | |
| Meaning 1 | to protect, to take care; to guide, to instruct (spiritually); | |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | to shepherd, to herd (cattle) | |
| Reference | Polikanov | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigrinya | |
| Lexeme | ḥalläwä | |
| Meaning 1 | to guard, watch over | ʔəgziʔabḥer yəḥalləwänna ‘May God protect us’ (KT 158); |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to take to pasture, put out to pasture, to watch over grazing cattle, to drive (a herd) | ḥallaw käbti ‘herdsman, driver of a herd’ |
| Reference | KT: 158 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Itelmen | |
| Lexeme | хчол̹эс | |
| Meaning 1 | to guard | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to shepherd (a herd) | |
| Reference | Volodin, Xalojmova 1989: 99 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karaim | |
| Lexeme | кÿт- | |
| Meaning 1 | protect, guard, preserve | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to shepherd | койун кÿт- to shepherd sheep |
| Reference | KRPS | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| Lexeme | mana- | |
| Meaning 1 | to guard, to protect, to watch | агуулах манах to guard a warehouse |
| Meaning 2 | to shepherd | адуу манах to guard a herd of horses at night |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tibetan | |
| Lexeme | skyong-byed | |
| Meaning 1 | protector, patron | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | shepherd | |
| Reference | Roerich: I, 210 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language 1 | Old Slavonic | |
| Language 2 | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | спасти (spasti) | |
| Lexeme 2 | пасти (pasti) | |
| Meaning 1 | to save; to cure, to heal up | |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | to pasture; to herd | |
| Reference | Cejtlin et al. 1994: 664 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigre | |
| Lexeme | ʔatwaʕala | |
| Meaning 1 | ‘to protect’ | korā təwāgər baʕalā la-zagā kəmsal ʔatwaʕala bā ‘she throws away her saddle, when the owner protects the village because of her’ (PPEA III, L. 664:9) |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | ‘to make pasture’ | bəkkur wa-falāyt banban ʔəgəl tatwəʕəllā ‘you let the first-born cows and the heifers pasture separately’ (PPEA III, L. 549:15) |
| Reference | PPEA | |
| Comment | The source meaning is that of "to make pass a day", hence "to shepherd", and then it gives "to protect" | |
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Chukchee | |
| Lexeme | гынритык | |
| Meaning 1 | to protect; to patronize | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to pasture, shepherd (reindeer) | |
| Reference | Moll, Inènlikèj 1957: 33 | |
| Comment | ||