The Database of Semantic Shifts in the languages of the world

<trademark> → <product, article> 13 realizations Multi-area

ID	Relation type	Meaning 1	Direction	Meaning 2

Comment

ACCEPTED Realization 1
type		Semantic evolution
language		English
lexeme 1		Yo-Yo
lexeme 2		yo-yo
meaning 1	trademark of the toy
direction	→
meaning 2	A toy consisting of a spheroidal or cylindrical spindle having a circular groove in which string is wound; it is used by holding the string in the fingers and reeling the spindle up and down by movements of the wrist
reference
comment		It was called after Yo-Yo Manufacturing Company (started in 1928). The name "Yo-yo" was registered in 1932 as a trademark by Sam Dubiner in Vancouver, Canada. In 1965 the court decided that the word yo-yo was a common name.

ACCEPTED Realization 2
type		Semantic evolution
language 1		English
language 2		Russian
lexeme 1		Gramophone
lexeme 2		граммофон (grammofon)
meaning 1
direction	→
meaning 2	gramophone
reference
comment		The Gramophone company was founded by Emile Berliner to counerbalance that of Edison and it was the first company to produce audiorecordings on flat disks. In 1931 Gramophone and Graphophone merged into EMI.

ACCEPTED Realization 3
type		Semantic evolution
language 1		English
language 2		Russian
lexeme 1		Xerox
lexeme 2		ксерокс (kseroks)
meaning 1	manufacturer's name
direction	→
meaning 2	photocopier	А какой фирмы у тебя ксерокс? What brand is your copy machine?
reference
comment		Cf. ксерить 'to make copies (on Xerox machine)' and the derivatives.

ACCEPTED Realization 4
type		Semantic evolution
language 1		French
language 2		Romanian
lexeme 1		Nescafé
lexeme 2		nescafe, nes
meaning 1	manufacturer, producer
direction	→
meaning 2	soluble coffee
reference		CNRTL
comment		Nescafé образовано из Nestlé и café.

ACCEPTED Realization 5
type		Borrowing
language 1		French
language 2		Egyptian Arabic
lexeme 1		Peugeot
lexeme 2		bīžu
meaning 1	French automobile brand
direction	→
meaning 2	(Baḥariyya) car, automobile
reference		WAD: II, 429
comment

ACCEPTED Realization 6
type		Semantic evolution
language		Indonesian
lexeme 1		AQUA
lexeme 2		aqua
meaning 1	trademark of mineraal water
direction	→
meaning 2	any mineral water
reference		<personally collected data>
comment		https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_(air_mineral)

ACCEPTED Realization 7
type		Semantic evolution
language 1		Italian
language 2		Russian
lexeme 1		Jacuzzi
lexeme 2		джакузи (džakuzi)
meaning 1	hot tub or whirlpool bath with underwater jets that massage the body
direction	→
meaning 2	Jacuzzi
reference
comment		The company Jacuzzi Inc., was founded by an American of Italian origin.

ACCEPTED Realization 8
type		Semantic evolution
language 1		Japanese
language 2		Mongolian (Khalkha)
lexeme 1		(キヤノン) Canon
lexeme 2		kanon
meaning 1	a Japanese corporation, specializing in optical, imaging, and industrial products
direction	→
meaning 2	photocopier
reference
comment		Cf. the verb канондох 'to make a blueprint'.

ACCEPTED Realization 9
type		Derivation
language 1		Latin
language 2		Russian
lexeme 1		Unitas
lexeme 2		унитаз (unitaz)
meaning 1	manufacturer name
direction	→
meaning 2	toilet bowl
reference
comment		After the company name, Unitas (Lat. unitas - unity), that produced such vases, and also due to the association with the Russian word таз (bowl).

ACCEPTED Realization 10
type		Semantic evolution
language		Polish
lexeme 1		Adidas
lexeme 2		adidas
meaning 1	Adidas AG
direction	→
meaning 2	sport shoe
reference		<personally collected data>
comment		https://sjp.pwn.pl/slowniki/adidas.html

ACCEPTED Realization 11
type		Semantic evolution
language		Romanian
lexeme 1		Adidas
lexeme 2		adidas
meaning 1	Adidas AG
direction	→
meaning 2	sport shoe
reference		DEX98
comment

ACCEPTED Realization 12
type		Polysemy
language		Russian
lexeme 1		Ерофеич (erofeič)
lexeme 2		ерофеич (erofeič)
meaning 1	the patronimics of the person who invented the drink
direction	→
meaning 2	ancient vodka, with aromatic herbs	Мне ничто ни почем: быль бы ерофеич с калачем! (Даль) I can do everything, I just need vodka and bread! (Dal')
reference
comment		After its inventor's name, the middle of the 18th century (Vasmer II, 226).

ACCEPTED Realization 13
type		Semantic evolution
language		Russian
lexeme 1		Thermos
lexeme 2		термос (termos)
meaning 1	manufacturer's name
direction	→
meaning 2	thermos	Взял с собою в дорогу термос с горячим кофе. (He) took a vacuum flask with hot coffee for the trip.
reference
comment