<trademark> → <ware, goods> 12 realizations
ACCEPTED Realization 1
type Semantic evolution
language English
lexeme 1 Yo-Yo
lexeme 2 yo-yo
meaning 1 trademark of the toy
direction →
meaning 2 A toy consisting of a spheroidal or cylindrical spindle having a circular groove in which string is wound; it is used by holding the string in the fingers and reeling the spindle up and down by movements of the wrist
reference
comment It was called after Yo-Yo Manufacturing Company (started in 1928). The name "Yo-yo" was registered in 1932 as a trademark by Sam Dubiner in Vancouver, Canada. In 1965 the court decided that the word yo-yo was a common name.
ACCEPTED Realization 2
type Semantic evolution
language 1 English
language 2 Russian
lexeme 1 Gramophone
lexeme 2 граммофон (grammofon)
meaning 1
direction →
meaning 2 gramophone
reference
comment The Gramophone company was founded by Emile Berliner to counerbalance that of Edison and it was the first company to produce audiorecordings on flat disks. In 1931 Gramophone and Graphophone merged into EMI.
ACCEPTED Realization 3
type Semantic evolution
language 1 English
language 2 Russian
lexeme 1 Xerox
lexeme 2 ксерокс (kseroks)
meaning 1 manufacturer's name
direction →
meaning 2 photocopier А какой фирмы у тебя ксерокс?
What brand is your copy machine?
reference
comment Cf. ксерить 'to make copies (on Xerox machine)' and the derivatives.
ACCEPTED Realization 4
type Semantic evolution
language 1 French
language 2 Romanian
lexeme 1 Nescafé
lexeme 2 nescafe, nes
meaning 1 manufacturer, producer
direction →
meaning 2 soluble coffee
reference CNRTL
comment Nescafé образовано из Nestlé и café.
NEW Realization 5
type Semantic evolution
language Indonesian
lexeme 1 AQUA
lexeme 2 aqua
meaning 1 trademark of mineraal water
direction →
meaning 2 any mineral water
reference <personally collected data>
comment

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_(air_mineral)
ACCEPTED Realization 6
type Semantic evolution
language 1 Italian
language 2 Russian
lexeme 1 Jacuzzi
lexeme 2 джакузи (džakuzi)
meaning 1 hot tub or whirlpool bath with underwater jets that massage the body
direction →
meaning 2 Jacuzzi
reference
comment The company Jacuzzi Inc., was founded by an American of Italian origin.
ACCEPTED Realization 7
type Semantic evolution
language 1 Japanese
language 2 Mongolian (Khalkha)
lexeme 1 (キヤノン) Canon
lexeme 2 kanon
meaning 1 a Japanese corporation, specializing in optical, imaging, and industrial products
direction →
meaning 2 photocopier
reference
comment Cf. the verb канондох 'to make a blueprint'.
ACCEPTED Realization 8
type Derivation
language 1 Latin
language 2 Russian
lexeme 1 Unitas
lexeme 2 унитаз (unitaz)
meaning 1 manufacturer name
direction →
meaning 2 toilet bowl
reference
comment After the company name, Unitas (Lat. unitas - unity), that produced such vases, and also due to the association with the Russian word таз (bowl).
NEW Realization 9
type Semantic evolution
language Polish
lexeme 1 Adidas
lexeme 2 adidas
meaning 1 Adidas AG
direction →
meaning 2 sport shoe
reference <personally collected data>
comment

https://sjp.pwn.pl/slowniki/adidas.html
NEW Realization 10
type Semantic evolution
language Romanian
lexeme 1 Adidas
lexeme 2 adidas
meaning 1 Adidas AG
direction →
meaning 2 sport shoe
reference DEX98
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 11
type Polysemy
language Russian
lexeme 1 Ерофеич (erofeič)
lexeme 2 ерофеич (erofeič)
meaning 1 the patronimics of the person who invented the drink
direction →
meaning 2 ancient vodka, with aromatic herbs Мне ничто ни почем: быль бы ерофеич с калачем! (Даль)
I can do everything, I just need vodka and bread! (Dal')
reference
comment After its inventor's name, the middle of the 18th century (Vasmer II, 226).
ACCEPTED Realization 12
type Semantic evolution
language Russian
lexeme 1 Thermos
lexeme 2 термос (termos)
meaning 1 manufacturer's name
direction →
meaning 2 thermos Взял с собою в дорогу термос с горячим кофе.
(He) took a vacuum flask with hot coffee for the trip.
reference
comment

© Anna A. Zalizniak et al. 2000-2025