breathing
→
soul, spirit
16 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Aleut | |
| lexeme | anr(i) | |
| meaning 1 | breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | spirit, soul | |
| reference | François 2008: 197 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme 1 | ψυχή (psykhē) | |
| lexeme 2 | psūkhē | |
| meaning 1 | breath | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | François 2008: 194 Dvoreckij 1958 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Batsbi | |
| lexeme 1 | sa daxar | |
| lexeme 2 | sa | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2013: 248-249 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Beja | |
| lexeme | šūk | |
| meaning 1 | breathing, breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | François 2008: 199 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme 1 | نَفَس nafas- | |
| lexeme 2 | نَفْس nafs- | |
| meaning 1 | puff, breath | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | BK: II 1310 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Estonian | |
| lexeme | hing | |
| meaning 1 | breathing | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | EKSS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Icelandic | |
| lexeme | andi | |
| meaning 1 | breath | halda niðri í sér andanum to hold one's breath |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | soul | Andar framliðinna voru á sveimi The souls of the dead were floating around |
| reference | ISLEX | |
| comment | Берков | |
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Itelmen | |
| lexeme | фчифч | |
| meaning 1 | breathing | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | PIRS: 272 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Latin | |
| lexeme 1 | spirare | |
| lexeme 2 | spiritus | |
| meaning 1 | to blow, to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spirit | |
| reference | François 2008: 195 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latin | |
| lexeme | anima | |
| meaning 1 | breath | anima continere to hold one's breath |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Glare 132 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | French | |
| lexeme 1 | anima | |
| lexeme 2 | âme | |
| meaning 1 | breathing | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | Sakhno 2009: 95 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Nganasan | |
| lexeme 1 | бачебса, бачюо | |
| lexeme 2 | бачюʔ | |
| meaning 1 | breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | NMS: 78-80 Kosterkina, Momde, Ždanova 2001: 22 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | ātman | |
| meaning 1 | breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | the individual soul, spiritual force of the person | |
| reference | François 2008: 194 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Selkup | |
| lexeme | гвэй ~ ӷвэй | |
| meaning 1 | breathing | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Syriac | |
| lexeme 1 | nəšam | |
| lexeme 2 | nəšamtā | |
| meaning 1 | spiravit | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spiritus, anima | |
| reference | LSyr.: 451 Payne Smith: 2476-2477 | |
| comment | In SED I No. 51, the Proto-Semitic verb *nšm 'to breath' is reconstructed, and also the Proto-Semitic noun *nVšam(-at)- 'breath, respiration', with later development into 'spirit, soul'. | |
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tatar | |
| lexeme | җамыйаң | |
| meaning 1 | to breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | soul | |
| reference | Баязитова 2009 | |
| comment | ||