quince
↔
pear
2 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Borrowing | |
| Language 1 | Azerbaijani | |
| Language 2 | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | armud | |
| Lexeme 2 | армуд (armud) | |
| Meaning 1 | pear | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | quince (dialect.) | |
| Reference | Anikin RES: 1, 288 | |
| Comment | In Turkic languages there is only the meaning of 'pear'. Ottoman Turkish armud, armut, Modern Turkish armut, Azerbaijani armud, Crimean Tatar armut, Nogai армыт (armyt), Kazakh алмұрт, Kyrgyz алмурут, Tatar армут. From Persian امرود (amrud), ارمود (armud) ‘pear’, Pahlavi umrōd, ambrōd, umbrōd, anbarō, Elamite umruda, umruta ‘pear’. Даль 1, 23, Фасмер 1, 87, SRNG 1, 276, SRJa XVIII 1, 94, SRJa XI–XVII 1, 47. The word was borrowed from Turkish languages of Caucasus (Azerbaijani, Nogai) no later than the first half of the 17th century. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Bulgarian | |
| Language 2 | Ukrainian | |
| Lexeme 1 | дюля (djulja) | |
| Lexeme 2 | дуля (dulja) | |
| Meaning 1 | quince | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | pear | |
| Reference | Fasmer 1986: 1, 552 | |
| Comment | Cf. also the Ukraine гдуля ‘quince’, Bulgarian дуня, дюля ‘quince’, Macedonian дуња ‘quince’, Serbian гдуњя, дуња ‘quince’, Old Czech kdúle, gdúle Czech kdoule, gdoule ‘quince’, Slovak dula ‘quince’; Pol. gdula, dula ‘a sort of pear’, Russian dialect дуля ‘груша’. The word goes back to the Latin cydonea mala from the Ancient Greek Κυδωνία μᾶλα, μηλοκυδώνιον ‘a Kydonian apple, apple-quince’ (Фасмер 1, 552). Kydonia (present-day Chania) was an ancient city-state on the northwest coast of Crete, where, according to the legend, they started growinf quince-tree (Plin. Nat. 15.10). Latin Cydonea → Proto-Slavic *kъdynia. | |
Dutch kweepeer 'fruit of the quince' from kwee ‘quince’ + peer ‘pear’, also Afrikaans kweeper. Hungarian birskörte ‘fruit of quince’ from birs ‘quince’ + körte ‘pear’