cucumber pumpkin 5 realizations
ACCEPTED Realization 1
type Derivation
language Ancient Greek
lexeme 1 σίκυος
lexeme 2 σικύα
meaning 1 cucumber
direction
meaning 2 pumpkin
reference
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NEW Realization 2
type Cognates
language 1 Classical Arabic
language 2 Geez
lexeme 1 qiṯṯāʔ, quṯṯāʔ (قِثَّاء , قُثَّاء)
lexeme 2 ḳʷəsay, ḳʷäsya
meaning 1 pumpkin
direction
meaning 2 cucumber
reference <personally collected data>
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It is a wanderwort found as Sumerian ukuš2 'cucumber', Ancient Greek σικύα 'bottle gourd', Ancient Greek σίκυος, σικυός, σίκυς 'cucumber', Latin cucumis 'cucumber', Old Armenian sex (սեխ) 'muskmelon', and possibly Proto-Slavic *tyky 'pumpkin, gourd'.

Leonid Kogan and Jussi Aro list it as being Proto-Semitic (which already Zimmern suspected), cognate to Ge'ez ቍሳይ (ḳʷəsay), ቈስያ (ḳʷäsya, “cucumber”), Akkadian qiššû 'cucumber', Hebrew qiššūʾ 'Armenian cucumber', Classical Syriac qaṭṭūtā (ܩܰܛܽܘܬܳܐ) 'cucumber'.

Aro, Jussi (1963) “Gemeinsemitische Ackerbauterminologie”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 113, pages 478–479
    Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 203
    Lane, Edward William (1863) “قثاء”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
    Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 530–535
    Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “قثاء”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1002
    Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 58

ACCEPTED Realization 3
type Derivation
language Erzya
lexeme 1 куяр
lexeme 2 дурак куяр
meaning 1 cucumber
direction
meaning 2 pumpkin
reference Serebrennikov et al. 1993: 321
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NEW Realization 4
type Internal cognates
language Latin
lexeme 1 cucumis
lexeme 2 cucurbita
meaning 1 cucumber
direction
meaning 2 pumpkin
reference De Vaan 2008: 149
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NEW Realization 5
type Syncretism
language Thai
lexeme dtɛɛng (แตง)
meaning 1 cucumber
direction
meaning 2 pumpkin
reference SEAlang Thai
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