to breathe
→
to rest
24 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ʔarāḥa | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to have rest | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (Lane 1179). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | tanafusi | |
| Meaning 1 | to breath | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to have rest, to make a break | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | pumua | |
| Meaning 1 | to breath | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to make a break | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | āçvas | |
| Meaning 1 | to breath freely | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to have rest | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Кочергина 103-104 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Osetin | |
| Lexeme | улæфын (ūlæfyn) | |
| Meaning 1 | to breath | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to have rest | |
| Reference | Abaev: 4, 14 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karaim | |
| Lexeme | тын- | |
| Meaning 1 | to breath | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to have rest | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme 1 | ψύχω | |
| Lexeme 2 | ἀναψύχω | |
| Meaning 1 | to blow, to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to give rest, refreshment | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | In this case the shift in meaning was possibly the following: 'to breath, to blow' > 'to cool, to refresh' > 'to give rest' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | تنفس tanaffos | |
| Meaning 1 | breath | تنفس کردن tanaffos kardan to breath |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | pause, break | |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 402 | |
| Comment | ПРС 219. Borrowed from the Arabic nfs 'to breathe', like in Swahili. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Erzya | |
| Lexeme | укстамс | |
| Meaning 1 | to sigh | Микита куваксто укстась Nikita sighed deeply |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to have rest | максомс ломантненень укстамс to let people have rest |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭрзРС 692 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | ʔanfasa | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe, to exhale | ʔarāwit za-yānaffəsu ʔəsāta 'beasts which breathe fire' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to have rest, to relax | ʕabiya gəbra faṣṣamka wa-ʔanfaska 'you have completed a great deed and you had rest' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LLA 706). The meaning B is more widespread (cf. also ʔastanfasa 'to breathe', ibid.). The meaning A is the original one, the root goes back to the Proto-Semitic *npš 'to breathe' (cf. SED I, No. 46). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | дышать (dyšat') | |
| Lexeme 2 | отдыхать (otdyhat') | |
| Meaning 1 | breath | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to have rest | |
| Reference | BTS | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Jarawara | |
| Lexeme | hasi na | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | Oko hasi ni fafawaraba ke. My breathing is weak. |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to rest | Hasi onahabana oke, mata. I'm going to take a little rest. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | JED 80. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Makonde | |
| Lexeme | ku-pumula | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to take a rest | |
| Reference | François 2008: 182 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nahuatl | |
| Lexeme | imi’iyo | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to take a rest | |
| Reference | François 2008: 183 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mwotlap | |
| Lexeme | mōkheg | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to take a rest | |
| Reference | François 2008: 183 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kumak | |
| Lexeme | horêân | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to take a rest | |
| Reference | François 2008: 183 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tuyuca | |
| Lexeme | ye'e-ri-sã | |
| Meaning 1 | breathe, breath | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | rest | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICKS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Waorani | |
| Lexeme | gẽbã | |
| Meaning 1 | breathe, breath | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | rest | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Embera | |
| Lexeme | ɨ̃ɲã'ba | |
| Meaning 1 | breathe, breath | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | rest | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Antsi (Ayta Maganchi) | |
| Language 2 | Kapampangan | |
| Lexeme 1 | maŋ-is-náwa | |
| Lexeme 2 | -ináwa | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to rest | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | 'to breath' in many Austronesian languages. Also Tagalog gi-nháwa 'ease; comfort; prosperity; wealth; freedom from pain, poverty, trouble, etc.; life of ease; convenience; consolation received, rest, respite, quiet; freedom from anything that tires, troubles, disturbs or pains', Wogeo mañawa 'to rest', Manam manawa 'to rest, take a rest, repose', Ilokano gi-nʔáwa ‘relief, comfort, ease, rest, relaxation’ (< Tagalog?) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Futunan | |
| Lexeme | mānava | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to rest | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Arosi | |
| Lexeme | manawa | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to rest | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Malak-Malak | |
| Lexeme | pirrpak | |
| Meaning 1 | to be windy, to blow (from a mouth) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to rest, take a break | |
| Reference | Lindsay et al. 2017: 23 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tagalog | |
| Lexeme | hingá | |
| Meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to rest | |
| Reference | SEAlang Tagalog | |
| Comment | ||
CLICS-3 168-3183