to breathe
→
to rest
26 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme 1 | ψύχω | |
| lexeme 2 | ἀναψύχω | |
| meaning 1 | to blow, to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to give rest, refreshment | |
| reference | ||
| comment | In this case the shift in meaning was possibly the following: 'to breath, to blow' > 'to cool, to refresh' > 'to give rest' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Antsi (Ayta Maganchi) | |
| language 2 | Kapampangan | |
| lexeme 1 | maŋ-is-náwa | |
| lexeme 2 | -ináwa | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to rest | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | 'to breath' in many Austronesian languages. Also Tagalog gi-nháwa 'ease; comfort; prosperity; wealth; freedom from pain, poverty, trouble, etc.; life of ease; convenience; consolation received, rest, respite, quiet; freedom from anything that tires, troubles, disturbs or pains', Wogeo mañawa 'to rest', Manam manawa 'to rest, take a rest, repose', Ilokano gi-nʔáwa ‘relief, comfort, ease, rest, relaxation’ (< Tagalog?) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Arosi | |
| lexeme | manawa | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to rest | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme | ʔarāḥa | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe (said of a man or a horse)) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to have rest | اراح بَعِيرَهُ (ʔarāḥa baˁīru-hu) He alighted from his camel to rest him and to alleviate him. |
| reference | Lane: 1179 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dagur | |
| lexeme | амьслаагу | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to rest, make a pause for rest | |
| reference | Тумурдэй Цыбенов Краткий дагурско-русский словарь: 14 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Embera | |
| lexeme | ɨ̃ɲã'ba | |
| meaning 1 | breathe, breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | rest | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Erzya | |
| lexeme | укстамс | |
| meaning 1 | to sigh | Микита куваксто укстась Nikita sighed deeply |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to have rest | максомс ломантненень укстамс to let people have rest |
| reference | ||
| comment | ЭрзРС 692 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Farsi | |
| lexeme | تنفس tanaffos | |
| meaning 1 | breath | تنفس کردن tanaffos kardan to breath |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | pause, break | |
| reference | Rubinčik 1970: 402 | |
| comment | ПРС 219. Borrowed from the Arabic nfs 'to breathe', like in Swahili. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Futunan | |
| lexeme | mānava | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to rest | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Geez | |
| lexeme | ʔanfasa | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe, to exhale | ʔarāwit za-yānaffəsu ʔəsāta beasts which breathe fire |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to have rest, to relax | ʕabiya gəbra faṣṣamka wa-ʔanfaska You have completed a great deed and you had rest. |
| reference | LLA: 706 | |
| comment | The meaning B is more widespread (cf. also ʔastanfasa 'to breathe', ibid.). The meaning A is the original one, the root goes back to the Proto-Semitic *npš 'to breathe' (cf. SED I No. 46). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Jarawara | |
| lexeme | hasi na | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | Oko hasi ni fafawaraba ke. My breathing is weak. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to rest | Hasi onahabana oke, mata. I'm going to take a little rest. |
| reference | ||
| comment | JED 80. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Karaim | |
| lexeme | тын- | |
| meaning 1 | to breath | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to have rest | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kumak | |
| lexeme | horêân | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to take a rest | |
| reference | François 2008: 183 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Makonde | |
| lexeme | ku-pumula | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to take a rest | |
| reference | François 2008: 182 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Malak-Malak | |
| lexeme | pirrpak | |
| meaning 1 | to be windy, to blow (from a mouth) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to rest, take a break | |
| reference | Lindsay et al. 2017: 23 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mwotlap | |
| lexeme | mōkheg | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to take a rest | |
| reference | François 2008: 183 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nahuatl | |
| lexeme | imi’iyo | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to take a rest | |
| reference | François 2008: 183 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Osetin | |
| lexeme | улæфын (ūlæfyn) | |
| meaning 1 | to breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to have rest | |
| reference | Abaev: 4, 14 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | дышать (dyšat') | |
| lexeme 2 | отдыхать (otdyhat') | |
| meaning 1 | breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to have rest | |
| reference | BTS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | āçvas | |
| meaning 1 | to breath freely | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to have rest | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Кочергина 103-104 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swahili | |
| lexeme | tanafusi | |
| meaning 1 | to breath | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to have rest, to make a break | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swahili | |
| lexeme | pumua | |
| meaning 1 | to breath | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to make a break | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Polikanov | |
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tagalog | |
| lexeme | hingá | |
| meaning 1 | to breathe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to rest | |
| reference | SEAlang Tagalog | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tuyuca | |
| lexeme | ye'e-ri-sã | |
| meaning 1 | breathe, breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | rest | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICKS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Waorani | |
| lexeme | gẽbã | |
| meaning 1 | breathe, breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | rest | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 | |
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wintu | |
| lexeme | phur | |
| meaning 1 | breath | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | rest | |
| reference | Schlichter 1981: 179-180 | |
| comment | Pitkin Harvey. Wintu Dictionary Berkeley, University of California Press, 1985; 456-457 |
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CLICS-3 168-3183