#1980 ship, vessel → to sail 5 realizations
ACCEPTED Realization 1
type Derivation
language Armenian
lexeme 1 nav
lexeme 2 navel
meaning 1 boat
direction →
meaning 2 to go by boat
reference
comment Cf. the verb navarkel with a similar meaning (Majsak, Rakhilina 2007).
ACCEPTED Realization 2
type Derivation
language Dutch
lexeme 1 kanoë (?)
lexeme 2 kanoën
meaning 1 canoe
direction →
meaning 2 to canoe
reference
comment Cf. kajakken ‛to go by kayak’ or waterfietsen ‛to go by a surfbike’, derived from the corresponding names of floatation devices (Majsak, Rakhilina 2007).
ACCEPTED Realization 3
type Derivation
language Indonesian
lexeme 1 kapal
lexeme 2 berkapal
meaning 1 boat
direction →
meaning 2 to go by boat
reference
comment Cf. berperahu ‛to go by boat’ (< perahu ‛boat’), bersampan ‛to go by boat’ (< sampan ‛boat, canoe’), berakit ‛to go by raft’ (< rakit ‛raft’) (Majsak, Rakhilina 2007).
ACCEPTED Realization 4
type Polysemy
language Latin
lexeme 1 navis
lexeme 2 navigo, -are
meaning 1 boat
direction —
meaning 2 to go by boat
reference
comment Presumably it goes back to the combination of words navis ‛ship’ and agere ‛to put into action, to guide’. In a number of modern languages, the verbs going back to navigare can be used as transitives meaning ‛to drive a vehicle’ — not necessarilt a ship/boat, cf. to navigate a ship, to navigate a plane etc. (Majsak, Rakhilina 2007).
ACCEPTED Realization 5
type Derivation
language Nganasan
lexeme 1 ŋənduj
lexeme 2 ŋəntəu-
meaning 1 one paddle boat
direction →
meaning 2 to go by row-boat
reference
comment The verb denotes the type of moving on the water which is most typical for the Nganasan people (Majsak, Rakhilina 2007).

© Anna A. Zalizniak et al. 2000-2025