apple potato 23 realizations
ACCEPTED Realization 1
Type Polysemy
Language Chuvash
Lexeme улма
Meaning 1 apple
Meaning 2 potato
Reference
Comment The meaning of 'potatoe' is dialectal. The Standard Chuvash for potatoe is çĕр улми lit. 'earthern apple' (Дегтярев 2002, 51-52)
ACCEPTED Realization 2
Type Derivation
Language Dutch
Lexeme 1 appel
Lexeme 2 aardappel
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Mironov 1987
Comment
ACCEPTED Realization 3
Type Polysemy
Language Erzya
Lexeme 1 умарь
Lexeme 2 модамарь
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato рестазь модамарь
roasted potatos
Reference Serebrennikov et al. 1993: 386, 694
Comment
ACCEPTED Realization 4
Type Semantic evolution
Language Faroese
Lexeme epli
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Sprotin.fo
Comment The word originally meant apple (and still retains that sense in biblical and poetical context), but which has now become the common term for potato. Also rare jørðepli 'potato' from jørð 'ground'. For 'apple' was constructed new term súrepli (from sour)
ACCEPTED Realization 5
Type Derivation
Language Farsi
Lexeme 1 سیب sib
Lexeme 2 سیبزمینی sibzamini
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Rubinčik 1970: 2, 77-78
Comment zamin 'earth'
ACCEPTED Realization 6
Type Derivation
Language German
Lexeme 1 Apfel
Lexeme 2 Erdapfel
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Duden
Comment Austria, Switzerland, Southern Germany. From Erde 'earth'
ACCEPTED Realization 7
Type Derivation
Language Hill Mari
Lexeme 1 олма
Lexeme 2 роколма
Meaning 1 apple олма кагыль
apple pie
Direction
Meaning 2 potato роколма
potato soup
Reference Savatkova 2008
Comment
ACCEPTED Realization 8
Type Derivation
Language Icelandic
Lexeme 1 epli
Lexeme 2 jarðepli
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference ISLEX
Comment from jörð 'earth, ground'
ACCEPTED Realization 9
Type Derivation
Language Meadow Mari
Lexeme 1 олма
Lexeme 2 роколма
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato Олмапу пеледеш – роколма шындаш йӧра
The apple tree will bloom. It's time to plant potatos
Reference Marij jylme muter
Comment рок 'earth'
ACCEPTED Realization 10
Type Derivation
Language Norwegian
Lexeme 1 eple
Lexeme 2 jordeple
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference BO
Comment Nynorsk (also Bokmål and Nynorsk potet 'potato'). jord 'earth, ground'. From Dutch aardappel
ACCEPTED Realization 11
Type Derivation
Language Polish
Lexeme 1 jabłko
Lexeme 2 jabłko ziemne
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Miodek 2002: 800
Comment Obsolete. In Modern Polish ziemniak 'potato'
ACCEPTED Realization 12
Type Derivation
Language Romanian
Lexeme 1 poamă
Lexeme 2 poamă-de-pământ
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 (dialect) potato
Reference Seche 2002
Comment
ACCEPTED Realization 13
Type Polysemy
Language Romanian
Lexeme măr
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 (dialect) potato
Reference Seche 2002
Comment
ACCEPTED Realization 14
Type Derivation
Language Romansh
Lexeme 1 mail
Lexeme 2 mailinterra
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Pledari
Comment Vallader
ACCEPTED Realization 15
Type Borrowing
Language 1 Russian
Language 2 Evenki
Lexeme 1 яблоко (jabloko)
Lexeme 2 jaблака (Transbaikal dialect), jāвлик (Barguzin dialect)
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Anikin 2003: 726
Comment SSTM 1, 336 Meaning 'potato' existed already in Russian dialects.
ACCEPTED Realization 16
Type Polysemy
Language Russian
Lexeme яблоко (jabloko)
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 (dialect) potato
Reference Anikin 2003: 726
Comment widespread in dialects of Siberia, also noted in Yaroslavl', Kostroma, Novgorod, Tver', Vologda. More often in plural яблоки, яблочки. Also земляное яблоко lit. 'earth apple'
ACCEPTED Realization 17
Type Borrowing
Language 1 Russian
Language 2 Khakas
Lexeme 1 яблоко (jabloko)
Lexeme 2 яблах
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Anikin 2003: 726
Comment Meaning 'potato' existed already in Russian dialects.
ACCEPTED Realization 18
Type Borrowing
Language 1 Russian
Language 2 Buriat
Lexeme 1 яблоко (jabloko)
Lexeme 2 яаблаха, яабал, jāбăлхă
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Anikin 2003: 726
Comment Meaning 'potato' existed already in Russian dialects.
ACCEPTED Realization 19
Type Borrowing
Language 1 Russian
Language 2 Komi
Lexeme 1 яблоко (jabloko)
Lexeme 2 яблöг
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Anikin 2003: 726
Comment Middle Sysola dialect of Komi
ACCEPTED Realization 20
Type Derivation
Language Tajiki
Lexeme 1 себ
Lexeme 2 себзаминӣ, себи заминӣ
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Raximi, Uspenskaja 1954: 352
Comment замин 'earth'
ACCEPTED Realization 21
Type Polysemy
Language Tver Karelian
Lexeme juablokka
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato juablokkua vaguol’l’ešša kodvazekši ando hevos’t’a
He gave a horse for a little while to spud potatoes
Reference Punžina 1994: 75
Comment From Russian in both meanings. Also muajuablokka, miajiablokka lit. 'earth apple'
ACCEPTED Realization 22
Type Polysemy
Language Udmurt
Lexeme алма
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference Kirillova 2008
Comment Also муалма 'potato'. Dialectal in both meanings. Main term for potato is картофка, main terms for apple are улмо and яблок.
NEW Realization 23
Type Motivation
Language Western Armenian
Lexeme 1 xnjor (խնձոր)
Lexeme 2 getnaxnjor (գետնախնձոր)
Meaning 1 apple
Direction
Meaning 2 potato
Reference <personally collected data>
Comment

'earth apple'

 Łazaryan, Ṙ. S. (1981), Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 212, page 21b