firm, solid
→
fortress
12 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 2481 | strong | → | fortress | Open |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Lithuanian | |
| Lexeme 1 | tvirtas | |
| Lexeme 2 | tvirtovė | |
| Meaning 1 | firm | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | krepkij | |
| Lexeme 2 | krepost' | |
| Meaning 1 | solid, robust | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Czech | |
| Lexeme 1 | pevný | |
| Lexeme 2 | pevnost' | |
| Meaning 1 | firm | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Latvian | |
| Lexeme 1 | ciets | |
| Lexeme 2 | cietuoksnis | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, firm | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language 1 | Latin | |
| Language 2 | Old French | |
| Lexeme 1 | fortis | |
| Lexeme 2 | fortelece | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, firm, solid, strong | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | strength | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Also the It. fortezza, Fr. forteresse, Eng. fortress, Rum. fortăreaţă, Sp. Fortaleza | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Middle High German | |
| Lexeme 1 | veste | |
| Lexeme 2 | vestenunge | |
| Meaning 1 | firm, fast | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The same in Mid. Low Germ. vesteninge, Dan. fœstning, Swed. fästning, Dutch. vesting, Germ. Festung | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Norwegian | |
| Lexeme 1 | fast | |
| Lexeme 2 | festning | |
| Meaning 1 | firm, solid | faste muskler; faste stoffer firm muscles; solid substances |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | en uinntakelig festning an unassailable fortress |
| Reference | BO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Danish | |
| Lexeme 1 | fast | |
| Lexeme 2 | fæstning | |
| Meaning 1 | solid | fast stof a solid substance |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | |
| Reference | DDO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Swedish | |
| Lexeme 1 | fast | |
| Lexeme 2 | fästning | |
| Meaning 1 | firm, solid | fasta kroppar solid bodies |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | en ointaglig fästning an unassailable fortress |
| Reference | SAO | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | č̣[ꞷ]aɣol | |
| Meaning 1 | strength, hardness | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress, citadel | |
| Reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 185 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Serbian | |
| Lexeme 1 | тврд (tvrd) | |
| Lexeme 2 | тврђава (tvrđava) | |
| Meaning 1 | firm, solid | тврд метал, тврдо дрво hard metal, hard wood |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | Istorijsko jezgro Beograda (današnja Beogradska tvrđava) se nalazi na desnoj obali reke Save. The historical core of Belgrade (today's Belgrade Fortress) is located on the right bank of the Sava River. |
| Reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 1305-1306 CLARIN.SI | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Croatian | |
| Lexeme | tvrd | |
| Meaning 1 | firm, solid | tvrdo drvo hard wood |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fortress | kninska tvrđava Knin fortress |
| Reference | HJP | |
| Comment | ||
Buck 1403-1404. Во многих случаях, скорее всего, кальки из романского или германского источника.