Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Borrowing | |
| Language 1 | Latin | |
| Language 2 | Old Church Slavonic | |
| Lexeme 1 | picula | |
| Lexeme 2 | пькълъ | |
| Meaning 1 | pitch, resin | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | hell | |
| Reference | Fasmer 1986: 3,226 Derksen 2008: 426 Derksen 2015: 355 | |
| Comment | Snoj 2016, BER 5, 133; 6, 41. Probably Latin borrowing already in late Proto-Slavic *pьkъlo 'hell' and *pьkъlъ 'pitch, resin', 'hell'. Descendants of *pьkъlo are Belarusian пекло, Russian пекло, Ukrainian пекло, Bulgarian пъкло, dial. пекло, Slovenian (archaic) peklo, Czech peklo, Polish piekło, Slovak peklo, Slovincian pìe̯klɵ, Lower Sorbian pjakło 'hell'. Descendants of *pьkъlъ are Old Church Slavonic пькълъ, пьклъ, пьцьлъ 'resin', Bulgarian пъкъл 'hell', (dialectal) пъкел 'resin', Macedonian пекол 'hell', Serbo-Croatian па̀као / pàkao, Chakavian (Hvar) pakȏl, Chakavian (Novi) pakál, Chakavian (Orbanići) pakãl, Chakavian (Vrgada) pakå̃, Slovenian pekel, Old Polish pkieł, Polish piekło. Borrowed to Non-Slavic languages: Romanian pâclă 'fog, mud' (from South Slavic, probably Church Slavonic), Hungarian pokol 'hell' (from South Slavic), Lithuanian peklà (from Polish). Alternatively Proto-Slavic *pьkъlo and *pьkъlъ from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis, *píkulas, from Proto-Indo-European *pik- 'pitch' and cognate with with Old Prussian pyculs 'hell' (possibly a Polish borrowing) and akin to Latvian piķis 'pitch', Lithuanian pìkis 'pitch' (sometimes considered Germanic borrowings), Ancient Greek πίσσα 'pitch', Latin pix, picula 'pitch, resin'. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | смола (smola) | |
| Meaning 1 | resin | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (dialectal) hell | |
| Reference | SA: 1, 94 | |
| Comment | village Zolotukha (West Polesia, modern Kalinkavichy District of Gomel Region, in Belarus) | |
In the Slavic folklore tradition, hell is sometimes represented as a lake of boiling tar (SA 1, 94). Also in East Slavic folk religious songs, for example "А за третьей горой там смола кипит. Вот и там-то душе, там и место ей" ("And behind the third mountain, the resin boils there. That's where the soul is, that's where it belongs") Nikitina 1993.
Березович Е.Л. Русский АД на иноязычном фоне: к сопоставительному изучению деривационной семантики межъязыковых лексических эквивалентов. // ВЯ, 2010. №6, 37-57 https://vja.ruslang.ru/ru/archive/2010-6/37-57