to know
→
to practice witchcraft
11 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme 1 | wise | |
| lexeme 2 | wizard | |
| meaning 1 | to know | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to conjure | |
| reference | Harper's Etymonline | |
| comment | early 15c., "philosopher, sage," from Middle English wys "wise". The meaning "one with magical power, one proficient in the occult sciences" did not emerge distinctly until c. 1550, the distinction between philosophy and magic being blurred in the Middle Ages. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komi | |
| lexeme | тӧдны | |
| meaning 1 | to know | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to have the ability to foresight | |
| reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Komi | |
| lexeme 1 | тӧдны | |
| lexeme 2 | тӧдысь | |
| meaning 1 | to know | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wizard | |
| reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Lithuanian | |
| lexeme 1 | žinoti | |
| lexeme 2 | žynys | |
| meaning 1 | to know | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sorcerer | |
| reference | LRŽ: 917 | |
| comment | žiniunas 'soothsayer', žynystė, žyniavimas 'magic, witchcraft, sorcery', žynė 'witch' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | знать (znat') | |
| meaning 1 | to know | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to practice witchcraft, to be wizard (witch) | |
| reference | SRNG: 11, 311 | |
| comment | Second meaning in Tambov, Orel, Ryazan', Siberia | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | знать (znat') | |
| lexeme 2 | знаток (znatok) | |
| meaning 1 | to know | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wizard, sorcerer | |
| reference | SRNG: 11, 311 | |
| comment | Arkhangelsk, Olonets, Perm', Vologda, Novgorod, Yaroslavl' | |
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | ведать | |
| lexeme 2 | ведьма | |
| meaning 1 | to know | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | witch | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Добавить литературу | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | vidyā | |
| meaning 1 | knowledge, science, learning, scholarship, philosophy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | magical skill | |
| reference | MW | |
| comment | Also 'a kind of magical pill (which placed in the mouth is supposed to give the power of ascending to heaven)' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Slovak | |
| lexeme 1 | vedeť | |
| lexeme 2 | vedomec | |
| meaning 1 | to know | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sorcerer | |
| reference | Levkievskaja 1999: 529 | |
| comment | Russian вещун, ведун, ведьмак ‘wizard, sorcerer’,ведунья, ведуница, ведьма ‘witch’, Old Russian вѣдунъ ‘healer, sorcerer’, вѣдуниха, вѣдуница, вѣдунья, вѣдьма, вѣщаꙗ женка, вѣщица ‘sorceress, medicine woman, witch’, Ukrainian вiдьма, dial. вiдюга, вiда, вiдь, Belorussian ведзьма, Old Belorussian вѣдьма, вѣдма ‘witch’, Czech vědma ‘soothsayer, sorceress’, věda ‘sorceress’, věd ‘the sorcerer who causes lunar and solar eclipses’, věšеář ‘wizard’, Moravian věščec ‘wizard’, Polish wiedźma ‘evil sorceress’, Old Polish wiedma ‘witch’, Bulgarian вещица ‘witch’, веда ‘witch, nymph’, вещик, вещер ‘sorcerer’, Serbian вештац, вишћун ‘sorcerer’, вештица ‘witch’, веда ‘forest mythological creature’ Anikin RES 6, 173-174, 176, CлРЯ XI—XVII 2, 50, ЕСУМ 1, 396, ГСБМ 2, 63, Vinogradova, Tolstaja 1994 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Tigrinya | |
| lexeme 1 | ṭäbäbä | |
| lexeme 2 | ṭäbbib | |
| meaning 1 | to be shrewd, crafty, wise | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wizard, magician, sorcerer | |
| reference | KT: 2457 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Ukrainian | |
| lexeme | мудрий (mudryj) | |
| meaning 1 | wise | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sorcerer | |
| reference | Levkievskaja 1999: 529 | |
| comment | The second one is dialectal | |