Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Ancient Hebrew | |
| lexeme 1 | mihar (pi'el-stem) | |
| lexeme 2 | māhīr | |
| meaning 1 | to hasten | mihărū ḇōnaiḵ mē-hōrǝśaiḵ (Isa 49:17) Your builders hasten more than your destroyers. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | skilful, experienced | ḥazīṯā ˀīš māhīr bi-mlaˀḵtō li-p̄nē-mǝlāḵīm yiṯaṣṣāḇ bal-yiṯaṣṣēḇ li-p̄nē-ḥăšukīm (Pro 22:29) Did you see a man diligent in his business? He shall stand before kings. He shall not stand before mean (ignoble) men. |
| reference | HALOT: root 4859, 4870 | |
| comment | Cf. also Gez. (ta)məhra 'study' (see for more CDG 334). |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Arabic | |
| language 2 | Geez | |
| lexeme 1 | faṭina (فَطِنَ) | |
| lexeme 2 | faṭana | |
| meaning 1 | to be intelligent, sagacious | فَطَنْتُ الشَّىْء (faṭantu š-šayy) I understood/knew the thing. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to be fast, be swift | ba-fəṭun, fəṭuna immediately, right away, speedily, quickly |
| reference | Lane: 2418 CDG: 171 Kogan 2015: 459 | |
| comment | The origin of Proto-EthSem. *fṭn ‘to be fast’ is uncertain, but Leslau may be right to connect it with Arb. faṭina ‘to be intelligent, sagacious’ (for more see Kogan 2015, p. 459). The direction of the shift should be certainly this way: *fṭn ‘to be fast, be swift’ -> *fṭn ‘to be clever, discerning’. Cf. also Tna. fäṭänä ‘be rapid’ (TED II 2732), Amh. fäṭṭänä (AED II 2343), Gur. fäṭänä. Mhr. fēṭən ‘to remember, to recognize’ (ML 108) and Jib. féṭən id. (JL 66) are almost certainly borrowed from Arabic. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Serbian | |
| language 2 | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | хитар (hitar) | |
| lexeme 2 | хитрый (hitryj) | |
| meaning 1 | quick | хитар корак, хитар покрет quick step, quick movement |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | cunning, sly | хитрый интриган cunning schemer |
| reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 1466 BTS: 1443 | |
| comment | Also in Croatian hitar - 'quick': "hitar na odgovoru" [HJP] - 'quick to answer'. | |
Prototypically, the direction of the shift should be 'to be fast' -> 'to be smart, intellegent, sly', but the evidence is not sufficient to make any firm judgements.