to suck to kiss 72 realizations Multi-area
ACCEPTED Realization 1
type Polysemy
language Badimaya
lexeme bunja
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 2
type Polysemy
language Badjiri
lexeme thuntyana
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 3
type Polysemy
language Bola (Austronesian)
lexeme ŋuru
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 237
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 4
type Polysemy
language Bolyu (Paliu)
lexeme mpuit.33
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 5
type Polysemy
language Bolyu (Paliu)
lexeme hut.33
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Schapper 2019: 9
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 6
type Polysemy
language Bularnu (Yindjilandji)
lexeme butha
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 7
type Polysemy
language Chang
lexeme šep
meaning 1 kiss
direction
meaning 2 suck
reference
comment Matisoff 2008: 99
NEW Realization 8
type Polysemy
language Dhargari
lexeme puca-
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference EvoSem
comment
NEW Realization 9
type Polysemy
language Dhudhuroa
lexeme ngumbumayi
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 10
type Polysemy
language Djabugay
lexeme maya-l
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 11
type Polysemy
language Gedaged
lexeme musi
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 271
comment
NEW Realization 12
type Polysemy
language Gooreng Gooreng (Taribelang, Bunda)
lexeme gamyillim
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 13
type Polysemy
language Gumatj
lexeme buñ˖
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference EvoSem
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 14
type Polysemy
language Gunya
lexeme buḎa
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 15
type Polysemy
language Gurdjar (Kurtjar)
lexeme aagh mpi.lk
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

NEW Realization 16
type Polysemy
language Gurindji
lexeme puñ
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference EvoSem
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 17
type Polysemy
language Hlai (Baoting)
lexeme ru:t.7
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 18
type Polysemy
language Kensiu (Kensiw)
lexeme ɟɔt
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Schapper 2019: 9
comment
NEW Realization 19
type Polysemy
language Kugu Nganhcara
lexeme pinda
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 20
type Polysemy
language Kuuku-Ya'u
lexeme uukunya
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 21
type Polysemy
language Lakkia
lexeme tuə:t.7
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 22
type Polysemy
language Lengua (Enlhet)
lexeme -pets-is-či
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 23
type Derivation
language Longgu
lexeme 1 nono
lexeme 2 nono-ʔi-
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 247
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 24
type Polysemy
language Lushai
lexeme foːp
meaning 1 kiss
direction
meaning 2 suck
reference
comment Matisoff 2008: 94
ACCEPTED Realization 25
type Polysemy
language Macushi
lexeme yuʔna
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 26
type Polysemy
language Makassarese
lexeme mu'musu'
meaning 1 to suck on something with puckered lips, suck the contents out of something
direction
meaning 2 to kiss in the European way
reference Schapper 2019: 9
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 27
type Polysemy
language Makassarese
lexeme njo'njo'
meaning 1 to drink from something with puckered lips, drink in the manner of an animal, sip, suckle as of a child
direction
meaning 2 to kiss as Europeans do with puckered lips
reference Schapper 2019: 9
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 28
type Polysemy
language Malagasy
lexeme mitséntsitra
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Korneev 1966
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 29
type Polysemy
language Maonan
lexeme śut.7
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 30
type Polysemy
language Mapun (Bajaw)
lexeme sassop
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss on lips
reference Schapper 2019: 9
comment
NEW Realization 31
type Polysemy
language Margany
lexeme buḎa
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 32
type Polysemy
language Mongsen Ao
lexeme mechep
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Marrison 1967 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 33
type Polysemy
language Mudburra (Pinkangama)
lexeme mukbiji
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 34
type Polysemy
language Narrungga (Narungga)
lexeme marari
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 35
type Polysemy
language Ngarinman
lexeme buny mani
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 36
type Polysemy
language Nheengatu
lexeme pitera
meaning 1 (archaic) to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Avila 2021: 619
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 37
type Cognates
language 1 Nocte
language 2 Tangsa
lexeme 1 tum
lexeme 2 den
meaning 1 kiss
direction
meaning 2 suck
reference
comment Matisoff 2008: 124
NEW Realization 38
type Polysemy
language Noongar (Nyungar)
lexeme nyindjan
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 39
type Polysemy
language Nung (Tai)
lexeme šup.5
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 40
type Polysemy
language Palauan
lexeme melmótm
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss someone’s mouth
reference Schapper 2019: 9
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 41
type Polysemy
language Panyjima
lexeme milyalka-lku
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 42
type Polysemy
language Pilagá
lexeme ne-kowoḳ
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

NEW Realization 43
type Polysemy
language Pitta-Pitta
lexeme punhtha
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 44
type Internal cognates
language Port Sandwich (Lamap)
lexeme 1 cum-i
lexeme 2 cumʷi
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 275
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 45
type Polysemy
language Q'eqchi'
lexeme tz'ub'uk
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference World Loanword Database
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 46
type Polysemy
language Ramoaaina
lexeme dum
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 249
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 47
type Polysemy
language Rennellese
lexeme umi
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 271
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 48
type Polysemy
language Samoan
lexeme miti
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 272
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 49
type Polysemy
language Sanapaná
lexeme nempetsesma
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3, Enlhet dialect

NEW Realization 50
type Polysemy
language Sema (Sümi)
lexeme mtsü
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Marrison 1967 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 51
type Polysemy
language Shan
lexeme cup.2
meaning 1 to kiss with lips
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS Schapper 2019: 9
comment

CLICS-3, Northern Shan dialect

ACCEPTED Realization 52
type Polysemy
language Sirionó
lexeme siite
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 53
type Polysemy
language Thalanyji
lexeme punyja-lgin
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

NEW Realization 54
type Polysemy
language Toba Qom
lexeme n-apigoḳ
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference IDS CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 55
type Polysemy
language Tolai (Kuanua)
lexeme dam
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 269
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 56
type Polysemy
language Turrbal (Turubul, Durubul)
lexeme jubi
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 57
type Polysemy
language Tuyuca
lexeme ũ'pũ
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3

NEW Realization 58
type Polysemy
language Wajuk
lexeme pimpan
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 59
type Polysemy
language Wanggamala (Wangkayutyuru)
lexeme yuntha-
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 60
type Polysemy
language Wangkatja (Pintiini)
lexeme kuunytja-
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 61
type Polysemy
language Wariyangga
lexeme puñca-
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference EvoSem
comment
NEW Realization 62
type Polysemy
language Warungu (Warrongo)
lexeme juyja
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 63
type Polysemy
language Wathawurrung
lexeme dotitat
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 64
type Polysemy
language Wik-Mungkan
lexeme thaa' piintAN
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

NEW Realization 65
type Polysemy
language Woiwurrung (Taungurung)
lexeme bilbilyerri
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 66
type Polysemy
language Yagara
lexeme dandildelaiina
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 67
type Polysemy
language Yei Zhuang (Guibian)
lexeme šup.5
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference IDS CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 68
type Polysemy
language Yidiñ
lexeme maja
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
NEW Realization 69
type Polysemy
language Yindjibarndi
lexeme burri-gu
meaning 1 to suck
direction
meaning 2 to kiss
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012 CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 70
type Polysemy
language Yugambeh (Tweed-Albert Bandjalang)
lexeme tunda
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 71
type Polysemy
language Yulparija
lexeme kunyjala
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference Bowern, Atkinson 2012
comment

CLICS-3

ACCEPTED Realization 72
type Polysemy
language Zhuang-Longzhou (Central Tai)
lexeme cup.7
meaning 1 to kiss
direction
meaning 2 to suck
reference IDS
comment

CLICS-3