country, land
—
world
16 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Abkhaz | |
| lexeme | атəыла (atʼʷəla) | |
| meaning 1 | country, land | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | Genko 1998: 232 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Barbareño | |
| lexeme | shup | |
| meaning 1 | earth; ground, soil, dirt, land | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ineseño | |
| lexeme | šup | |
| meaning 1 | earth, soil, dirt; place | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kawaiisu | |
| lexeme | tii-pɨ | |
| meaning 1 | dirt; earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kitanemuk | |
| lexeme | tɨva-č | |
| meaning 1 | land, earth, ground | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komi | |
| lexeme | му (mu) | |
| meaning 1 | country, land | коми йӧзлӧн мӧд му абу Komi people have no other land |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | му пуксьӧмсянь from the creation of the world |
| reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lakota | |
| lexeme | makȟá | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust; land, estate | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | the earth, the world; nature | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Meadow Mari | |
| lexeme | мланде (mlande) | |
| meaning 1 | country, land | Шочмо мланде йырваш паша дене йӱклана. work is in full swing in native land |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | Earth, world | Мланде Кече йыр пӧрдеш. Earth moves around the Sun |
| reference | Marij jylme muter | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romani | |
| lexeme | them | |
| meaning 1 | land, country | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Dolenjski Romani | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Santee-Sisseton | |
| lexeme | makhá | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust; land, estate | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | the earth, the world; nature’ | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Seri | |
| lexeme | hant | |
| meaning 1 | earth, dirt, land, place | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world, earth | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serrano | |
| lexeme | tiyʳvac | |
| meaning 1 | earth; land; ground | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Wappo | |
| lexeme 1 | ɔʹma | |
| lexeme 2 | ɔmɔ | |
| meaning 1 | earth | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wikchamni | |
| lexeme | pʰaʔan | |
| meaning 1 | earth, land, country | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yankton-Yanktonai | |
| lexeme | makȟá | |
| meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust; land, estate | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | the earth, the world; nature | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yuki | |
| lexeme | ʔon | |
| meaning 1 | ground, land | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | world | |
| reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| comment | ||
Also Palewyami Hah-pahsˊ ‘land, earth, or ground’, Wĕ-kā-hahˊ-pel ‘the whole world’ (Merriam), hapil ‘earth’, nema ha’pil ‘world’ (Kroeber) (Zhivlov 2019)