Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | 'Āre'āre | |
| lexeme | uru | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | ← | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 102 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Adang | |
| lexeme | laːb | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 Robinson, Holton 2012 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | Ainu | |
| lexeme | nis (ニㇱ) | |
| meaning 1 | (Hokkaido, Kuril, South Kuril) cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | (Sakhalin) sky | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | 服部四郎・知里真志保 (Shirō Hattori & Mashiho Chiri) (1960), 『アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究』「民族學研究」 (Ainu Go Shohōgen No Kiso Goi Tōkeigaku Teki Kenkyū, “A Lexicostatistic Study on the Ainu Dialects”), Japan: 日本文化人類学会 (“Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology”) https://doi.org/10.14890/minkennewseries.24.4_307 |
|
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Akolet | |
| lexeme | watlo | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-4 Greenhill et al. 2008 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Aleut | |
| lexeme 1 | inkamiiĝux̂ | |
| lexeme 2 | inkax̂ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | ← | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Bergsland 1994: 202 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Alorese | |
| lexeme | kɔfa | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Amako (Korak) | |
| lexeme | taita | |
| meaning 1 | sky | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | cloud | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Amele | |
| lexeme | sa:w | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Amundava (Amondava) | |
| lexeme | ywaka | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Carling (ed.) 2017 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Avok | |
| lexeme | mæroŋ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-4 Vanuatu Voices | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Baimak | |
| lexeme | ʌ:b | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bamana | |
| lexeme | kàbá | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Vydrin Comparative Mande | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bezhta | |
| lexeme | гьас | |
| meaning 1 | sky | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | cloud | |
| reference | World Loanword Database IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Big Nambas (V’ënen Taute) | |
| lexeme | pɛkmarɛn | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-4 Vanuatu Voices | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Binandere | |
| lexeme | utu | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Biritai | |
| lexeme | ai^ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Birrpayi | |
| lexeme | bourra | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Bowern, Atkinson 2012 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Chuvash | |
| lexeme | пӗлӗт | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | хĕвел пĕлĕт хыçне пулчĕ The sun hid behind a cloud |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sky | пĕлĕтре планер ярăнса пырать A glider flies in the sky |
| reference | Электронлă сăмахсар | |
| comment | from Proto-Turkic *bulït 'cloud' ESTJa 2, 262-264 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dedua | |
| lexeme | kurumeŋ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Drubea (Ndrumbea, Dumbea) | |
| lexeme | kwa | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Greenhill et al. 2008 CLICS-4 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Eastern Wichí | |
| lexeme | pe'leʔ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Embu (Kîembu) | |
| lexeme | Itu | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Garus (Ate) | |
| lexeme | sep | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gela (Nggela) | |
| lexeme | parakɔ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Tryon, Hackman 1983 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gela (Nggela) | |
| lexeme | parakɔ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Tryon, Hackman 1983 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ginukh | |
| lexeme | ас | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gujarati | |
| lexeme | ābha (આભ) | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | Gujaratilexicon.com [Gujarati-English dictionary], Arnion Technologies, 2009 https://www.gujaratilexicon.com/dictionary/gujarati-to-english-translation/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%AD From Sanskrit |
|
| NEW Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gujarati | |
| lexeme | ābhlũ (આભલું) | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | From Prakrit |
|
| NEW Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gujarati | |
| lexeme | vādaḷ (વાદળ) | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | Gujaratilexicon.com [Gujarati-English dictionary], Arnion Technologies, 2009. https://www.gujaratilexicon.com/dictionary/gujarati-to-english-translation/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%B3 |
|
| NEW Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Higaonon | |
| lexeme | gabon | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hindi | |
| lexeme | abhra (अभ्र) | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | McGregor 1993: 50 | |
| comment | Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”], Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 285 https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/dasa-hindi_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hunzib | |
| lexeme | гьас | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ikizu | |
| lexeme | risaro | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Inanwatan (Suabo) | |
| lexeme | saˈrido | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Inkhokvari | |
| lexeme | ас | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Isebe | |
| lexeme | hʌb | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Itbayaten | |
| lexeme 1 | remdem | |
| lexeme 2 | ka-remdem-an | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme | kumo (雲) | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (by extension) sky | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)], Tōkyō: Shogakukan, |
|
| NEW Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Javanese | |
| lexeme 1 | awaŋ | |
| lexeme 2 | awaŋ-awaŋ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kamba (Bantu language) | |
| lexeme | Itu | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kasharari (Kaxararí) | |
| lexeme | neitxi | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Carling (ed.) 2017 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kemak (Ema) | |
| lexeme | taho | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | Kailaku and Saneri varieties CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kemak (Ema) | |
| lexeme | lohaŋ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kerepua | |
| lexeme | t͡ʃot͡ʃo | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-4 Vanuatu Voices | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khmer | |
| lexeme | meik, meikʰeaʔ- (មេឃ) | |
| meaning 1 | sky | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | cloud | |
| reference | SEAlang Khmer | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khwarshi | |
| lexeme | ас | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | Kwantlada dialect CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kilivila | |
| lexeme | lowalowa | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Greenhill et al. 2008 CLICS-4 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kokoda | |
| lexeme | amanaia | |
| meaning 1 | sky | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | cloud | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | Komi-Permyak | |
| lexeme | кымӧр | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | (Northern dialect) sky | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | https://dict.fu-lab.ru/term?tid=1307255 |
|
| NEW Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kove | |
| lexeme | vuvuhi | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Greenhill et al. 2008 CLICS-4 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 53 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kowaki | |
| lexeme | haura | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 54 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kumak | |
| lexeme | dan | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Greenhill et al. 2008 CLICS-4 | |
| comment | Nêlêmwa |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 55 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kutu | |
| lexeme | ulanga | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 56 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kwaio | |
| lexeme | lalo | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Tryon, Hackman 1983 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 57 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Latvian | |
| lexeme | debess | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | ← | |
| meaning 2 | (archaic) sky | |
| reference | English Wiktionary Derksen 2008: 347-348 | |
| comment | Although the singular forms still exist, the plural forms (Nom. Pl. debesis, etc.) are much more frequently used in all senses. Cognates include Lithuanian debesis 'sky', Latgalian debess 'sky', Proto-Slavic *nebò 'sky, heaven' and Ancient Greek νέφος 'cloud'. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 58 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lavukaleve | |
| lexeme | totoās | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Tryon, Hackman 1983 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 59 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Letemboi (Nombotkote) | |
| lexeme | na-mʷap | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-3 Vanuatu Voices | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 60 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mailu | |
| lexeme | nogara | |
| meaning 1 | sky | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | cloud | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 61 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Male (Papuan) | |
| lexeme | laŋ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 62 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Malua Bay | |
| lexeme | ᵐbɛkɪnlʊn | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Vanuatu Voices CLICS-4 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 63 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mambae (Mambai) | |
| lexeme | lɛol_lau | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | Central Mambae, Aileu Vila CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 64 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mambae (Mambai) | |
| lexeme | lɛol_lau | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-3 | |
| comment | Central Mambae, Aileu Vila |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 65 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Manep (Malas, Simbukanam) | |
| lexeme | geit | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 66 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Maninka | |
| lexeme | kàbá | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Vydrin Comparative Mande | |
| comment | Maninka-Mori |
|
| NEW Realization 67 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Marka-Dafing | |
| lexeme | kábá | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Vydrin Comparative Mande | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 68 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Marka-Dafing | |
| lexeme | sà̰ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Vydrin Comparative Mande | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 69 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Matumbi (Kimatumbi) | |
| lexeme | lyunde | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 70 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mauwake (Ulingan) | |
| lexeme | aperka | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 71 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mawan | |
| lexeme | rom | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 72 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Melanau (Mukah) | |
| language 2 | Mansaka | |
| lexeme 1 | awan | |
| lexeme 2 | awan-an | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 73 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Middle English | |
| lexeme | ski, skie, sky | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | DDO OED | |
| comment | Viddle English 'firmament, heavens, sky; cloud; cloud of mist or vapour; fog, mist; (astrology) certain configuration of the heavens; (astronomy) sphere of the celestial realm; (physiology) cloudiness, smoky residue (for example, in urine)' from Old Norse ský 'cloud', from Proto-Germanic *skiwją 'cloud; sky', from *skiwô 'cloud; cloud cover, haze; sky' (whence Old English sċēo 'cloud' and Middle English skew 'air; sky; (rare) cloud'), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- 'to cover; to conceal, hide'. Compare Danish sky 'cloud' (grå skyer 'grey clouds') |
|
| NEW Realization 74 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Moken | |
| lexeme | kəniəŋ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Greenhill et al. 2008 CLICS-4 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 75 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mwotlap | |
| lexeme | mēlēg | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 76 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nasarian | |
| lexeme | ha-map˺ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-3 | |
| comment | Lana Takau, Tom Fitzpatrick, Mary Walworth, Aviva Shimelman, Sandrine Bessis, Tom Ennever, Iveth Rodriguez, Hans-Jörg Bibiko, Daria Dërmaku, Murray Garde, Marie-France Duhamel, Giovanni Abete, Laura Wägerle, Kaitip W. Kami, Tihomir Rangelov, & Russell Gray. (2025). Vanuatu Voices (v1.4.1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309140 |
|
| NEW Realization 77 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nehan (Nissan) | |
| lexeme | langit | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-4 Greenhill et al. 2008 | |
| comment | Nehan Hape |
|
| NEW Realization 78 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nengone | |
| lexeme | awè | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-4 Greenhill et al. 2008 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 79 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngoni | |
| lexeme | lihundi | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 80 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngoreme (Ngurimi) | |
| lexeme | risaro | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 81 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Norwegian | |
| language 2 | English | |
| lexeme | sky | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | BO | |
| comment | Bokmål and Nynorsk |
|
| NEW Realization 82 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nulnesa (Tasiko) | |
| lexeme | snapɛn | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-4 Vanuatu Voices | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 83 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nyamwezi | |
| lexeme | lùùndɛ̀ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Greenhill, Gray 2015 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 84 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nyaturu (Nyaturucha) | |
| lexeme | irunde | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 85 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old English | |
| lexeme | wolcn | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | Næs þā nān wolcn on þǣre lyfte. There wasn't a cloud in the sky. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (in the plural) the sky, the heavens | Þā wolcnu sweartodon. The skies darkened. |
| reference | OED MED | |
| comment | Modern English welkin 'sky', Middle English welken, welkne, wolkne 'cloud; sky; heavens; (astronomy) cosmic elementary, planetary, or celestial sphere; all the spheres beyond the elementary region, including the primum mobile', from Proto-West Germanic *wolkn 'cloud' (Anglo-Frisian Germanic), from Proto-Germanic *wulkaną 'cloud' [and other forms], from Proto-Indo-European *welg- 'damp; wet'. Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 127 |
|
| NEW Realization 86 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Old Norse | |
| lexeme | ský | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (in the plural) sky | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 87 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pali | |
| lexeme | abbha | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 88 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Panim | |
| lexeme | hau | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 89 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Puragi (Iwaro) | |
| lexeme | maˈninɔ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 90 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ramoaaina | |
| lexeme | bakut | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | CLICS-4 Greenhill et al. 2008 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 91 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rapanui | |
| lexeme | raŋi | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | ← | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 92 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rempi | |
| lexeme | sap | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 93 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Samosa | |
| lexeme | tʌːgu | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 94 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | abhrá (अ॒भ्र) | |
| meaning 1 | cloud, thunder-cloud | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sky, atmosphere | |
| reference | MW: 79 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 95 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Siraya | |
| lexeme | vullum | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Carling (ed.) 2017 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 96 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Siraya | |
| lexeme | vullum | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Carling (ed.) 2017 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 97 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sizaki (Shashi) | |
| lexeme | erisaru | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 98 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Suena | |
| lexeme | utu | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 99 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Suena | |
| lexeme | utu | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 100 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sumbwa | |
| lexeme | ilunde | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 101 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sursurunga | |
| lexeme | bət | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Greenhill et al. 2008 CLICS-4 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 102 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swedish | |
| lexeme | sky | |
| meaning 1 | sky | högt upp i skyn high up in the sky |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | cloud | lätta skyar light clouds |
| reference | Sakhno 2001: 177 SAOB English Wiktionary | |
| comment | The word sky in somewhat ambiguously referring to clouds in certain expressions, often in the plural. Native speakers are likely to think "sky" rather than "cloud" and unconsciously process the plural as idiomatic. The usual modern word for cloud is moln. | |
| NEW Realization 103 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Taiof | |
| lexeme | koro | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Greenhill et al. 2008 CLICS-4 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 104 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tangsa | |
| lexeme | rong | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Marrison 1967 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 105 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tirax | |
| lexeme | ⁿdakran | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Vanuatu Voices CLICS-4 | |
| comment | Orap |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 106 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tlingit | |
| lexeme | góosˀ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 107 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tsez | |
| lexeme | ас | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | Mokok dialect CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 108 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tugun | |
| lexeme | natas | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 109 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Upper Chehalis | |
| lexeme | ɬt- | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | IDS | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 110 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Uya (Usu) | |
| lexeme | hʌb | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 111 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Vitu (Witu, Muduapa) | |
| lexeme | mariaba | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Greenhill et al. 2008 CLICS-4 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 112 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wagi | |
| lexeme | sʌᵬ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 113 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wanambre (Mokati) | |
| lexeme | kaura | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 114 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Warrgamay | |
| lexeme | dyura | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Bowern, Atkinson 2012 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 115 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Waskia | |
| lexeme | taiti | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 116 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wathawurrung | |
| lexeme | wurr-wurr | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Bowern, Atkinson 2012 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 117 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wayuu (Guajiro) | |
| lexeme | sirúma | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Huber, Reed 1992 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 118 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wersing (Kolana) | |
| lexeme | ajaˈkɛŋ | |
| meaning 1 | sky | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | cloud | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 119 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wetarese (Ili'uun) | |
| lexeme | nata | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 120 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wik-Mungkan | |
| lexeme | yuw | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Bowern, Atkinson 2012 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 121 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yaqay | |
| lexeme | teˈmɛʔ | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org | |
| comment | Wairu dialect CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 122 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yoidik | |
| lexeme | sap | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | TransNewGuinea.org Z'graggen 1980 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 123 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yorta Yorta | |
| lexeme | yurratha | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sky | |
| reference | Bowern, Atkinson 2012 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 124 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Zulu | |
| lexeme | ifu | |
| meaning 1 | cloud | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | (in the plural) sky | |
| reference | Луцков А.Д. Зулу-Русский словарь 2014 | |
| comment | C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), Zulu-English Dictionary | |
CLICS-3 1489-1732