evil spirit
→
mad, insane
8 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Adyghe | |
| Lexeme 1 | джынэ (ǯǝne) | |
| Lexeme 2 | джынэуз (ǯǝnewǝz) | |
| Meaning 1 | evil spirit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | insane, mentally ill | |
| Reference | Šaov 1975: 99 Txarkaxo 1991: 73 | |
| Comment | The second part wǝz means 'illness'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme 1 | ǧinn- | |
| Lexeme 2 | maǧnūn- | |
| Meaning 1 | (coll.) genii, demons (kind or evil) | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | possessed by a demoun; mad | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (BK I 332; Lane 462, 464). Cf. ǧanna rendre fou, démoniaque, s'emparer de quelqu'un (se dit d'un démon) (to make mad, demoniac, to possess somebody (said of a demon)) (BK I 332). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme 1 | دیو (div) | |
| Lexeme 2 | دیوانه (divāne) | |
| Meaning 1 | demon | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | mad, insane, crazy | دیوانه عشق (divāne ešq) mad with love |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 697 | |
| Comment | Classical Persian dēvāna, Middle Persian dyw'nk' (dēwānag). Proto-Iranian *daywánah 'demon possessed; insane, crazy'. From the same source Kurdish dîn, Pashto lewanáy 'crazy, insane'. From Classical Persian are borrowed Hindi dīvānā 'crazy, insane, mad; madman, a crazy person; lover', Kazakh, Bashkir диуана 'crazy person; a madman, lunatic', Uzbek devona. | |
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Hassaniya Arabic | |
| Lexeme 1 | bliis | |
| Lexeme 2 | mə-sta-blas | |
| Meaning 1 | Satan, Devil | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | madly in love | |
| Reference | Heath 2004: 15 | |
| Comment | Classical Arabian ʔiblīs (إِبْلِيس) 'Iblis, Satan' |
|
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| Lexeme | ad | |
| Meaning 1 | evil spirit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | insane | |
| Reference | BAMRS 2001-2002 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Nivkh | |
| Lexeme 1 | кинс | |
| Lexeme 2 | кинзньршыдь | |
| Meaning 1 | evil spirit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to go mad | |
| Reference | Savel'eva, Taksami 1970: 112-113 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Old Slavonic | |
| Lexeme 1 | бѣсъ | |
| Lexeme 2 | бѣшенъ | |
| Meaning 1 | evil spirit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | mad, insane | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Ст.-слав. словарь 107. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Osetin | |
| Lexeme 1 | хæйрæг (xæjræg) | |
| Lexeme 2 | хæйрæджджын (xæjræģģyn) | |
| Meaning 1 | the devil, demon | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | obsessed, demoniac, possessed | |
| Reference | Abaev: 4, 163-164 | |
| Comment | "The mentally ill were considered possessed, and cruel procedures were used for their treatment aimed at driving out the demon" (Abaev 4, 164). Also Bigulaev et al. 2011, 380 | |
'demon possessed' → 'insane, crazy'