brave
→
insolent
7 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Amharic | |
| lexeme | däffar | |
| meaning 1 | bold, intrepid, daring | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | impertinent, impudent, disrespectful | |
| reference | ||
| comment | K 1843 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | ἴτης | |
| meaning 1 | courageous, brave | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | impudent | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | θαρσᾰλέος | |
| meaning 1 | brave, courageous | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | impudent | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | ἀναιδής | |
| meaning 1 | bold, courageous | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | shameless, impudent | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | θρᾰσύς | |
| meaning 1 | courageous, brave | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | impudent | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | bold | |
| meaning 1 | fearless and daring | bold settlers on some foreign shore |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | immodest or impudent | a bold, sassy child |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Irish Gaelic | |
| lexeme | dana | |
| meaning 1 | brave | dana i gcach brave in battle |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | insolent | bheith dana ar dhuine ta make free, insolent with somebody |
| reference | Ó Dónaill 1977: 368 | |
| comment | ||
Cf.Two Russian derivates from one and the same root: смелый 'brave' vs. сметь 'to dare' eg. как ты смеешь? 'How dare you?'