to stand up
→
to happen
2 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme 1 | rise | |
| lexeme 2 | arise | |
| meaning 1 | to stand up | Smoke rose from the chimney. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to happen | A crisis has arisen in the Foreign Office. |
| reference | LDOCE | |
| comment | The verb arise also has a literary meaning 'to get out of bed, or stand up'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme | okiru (起きる) | |
| meaning 1 | to stand up, to rise | 私は朝の４時半ごろにそわそわし出したが、６時まで起きなかった。 I began to stir about 4:30 in the morning but I didn't get up until 6:00. |
| meaning 2 | to happen | ２、３日おきに電話して、そうすればもしなにか起きても連絡が保てるから。 Call me every few days, and in that way we can keep in touch if something happens. |
| reference | ||
| comment | The problem is distinguishing "get up" and "wake up" in meaning A. The old meaning of "get up" has apparently nearly disappeared in modern Japanese. | |