alone
→
only
12 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Basque | |
| lexeme | bakarrik | |
| meaning 1 | by oneself | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 56 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Bulgarian | |
| lexeme 1 | само (samó) | |
| lexeme 2 | само (sàmo) | |
| meaning 1 | alone | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 55 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Croatian | |
| lexeme 1 | sam | |
| lexeme 2 | samo | |
| meaning 1 | alone | šetati sam walk alone |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | samo razgovaraju, samo korak do propasti they only talk, only a step to ruin |
| reference | HJP | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | alone | |
| meaning 1 | alone | She lives alone. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | Julie alone knew the truth. |
| reference | LDOCE | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | seul | |
| meaning 1 | alone | Laissez-moi (tout) seul Leave me alone |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | C'est la seule personne qui puisse vous aider; Seul un miracle pourrait le sauver This is the only person who can help you; Only a miracle could save him |
| reference | Larousse online | |
| comment | Cf. the adverb seulement | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Geez | |
| lexeme | bakk | |
| meaning 1 | alone | tənbar bakka (1 Cor 7:11) Let her live alone! |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | ʕark la-səm bakka za-yətʕārrak (Gen 29:15) A friend who is a friend only by name. |
| reference | LLA: 523 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Geez | |
| lexeme | bāḥtitu | |
| meaning 1 | alone | bāḥtitəya ʔənabbər (Jer. 15:17) I sit alone. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only | ʔallā naḳʕa māy yaʕarrəg bāḥtitu ʔəmənna mədr (Gen. 2:6) But only streams of water came up from the earth. |
| reference | LLA: 496-497 | |
| comment | Goes back to ba 'by' and ʔaḥadu 'one' (suggested by Praetorius, but rejected in CDG 92); the same meanings in the cognates in Tna. (bəḥəttu, TED 1107) and Amh. bəčča (AED 919). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | allein | |
| meaning 1 | alone | er lebt ganz allein 'he lives all alone' |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only | er allein kann noch helfen 'only he can help' |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latin | |
| lexeme | solus | |
| meaning 1 | alone | sola sum 'I am alone' |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | soli duo homines 'only two men'; |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language 1 | Old Chinese | |
| language 2 | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | dú (獨, 独) | |
| meaning 1 | alone, lonely | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | |
| reference | BKRS Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 55 | |
| comment | In Archaic Chinese 'alone, lonely'. |
|
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Serbian | |
| lexeme 1 | сам (sam) | |
| lexeme 2 | само (samo) | |
| meaning 1 | alone | поћи сам на пут, остати сам у кући, једро, само у даљини go on a trip alone, stay alone in the house, sail, alone in the distance |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | мислити само на свој џеп, говорити само у стиху; само један корак до среће to think only of one's own pocket, to speak only in verse; only one step to happiness |
| reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 1186-1187 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swahili | |
| lexeme | peke yake | |
| meaning 1 | alone (third person singular) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | only, just | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 56 | |
| comment | ||
Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019, 55-56