alone
→
only, just
10 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Basque | |
| Lexeme | bakarrik | |
| Meaning 1 | by oneself | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | only, just | |
| Reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 56 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Bulgarian | |
| Lexeme 1 | само (samó) | |
| Lexeme 2 | само (sàmo) | |
| Meaning 1 | alone | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | only, just | |
| Reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 55 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme | alone | |
| Meaning 1 | alone | She lives alone. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | only, just | Julie alone knew the truth. |
| Reference | LDOCE | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | French | |
| Lexeme | seul | |
| Meaning 1 | alone | Laissez-moi (tout) seul Leave me alone |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | only, just | C'est la seule personne qui puisse vous aider; Seul un miracle pourrait le sauver This is the only person who can help you; Only a miracle could save him |
| Reference | Larousse online | |
| Comment | Cf. the adverb seulement | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | bakk | |
| Meaning 1 | alone | tənbar bakka 'let her live alone' (1 Cor 7:11) |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | only, just | ʕark la-səm bakka za-yətʕārrak 'a friend who is a friend only by name' (Gen 29:15) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LLA 523) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | bāḥtitu | |
| Meaning 1 | 'solus' ('alone') | bāḥtitəya ʔənabbər Jer. 15:17 'I sit alone' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ''solum, tantum, solummodo' (only) | ʔallā naḳʕa māy yaʕarrəg bāḥtitu ʔəmənna mədr Gen. 2:6 'but only streams of water came up from the earth' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LLA 496-497; goes back to ba 'by' and ʔaḥadu 'one' (suggested by Praetorius, but rejected in LGz. 92); the same meanings in the cognates in Tna. (bəḥəttu, KT 1107) and Amh. bəčča (K 919) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme | allein | |
| Meaning 1 | alone | er lebt ganz allein 'he lives all alone' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | only | er allein kann noch helfen 'only he can help' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Latin | |
| Lexeme | solus | |
| Meaning 1 | alone | sola sum 'I am alone' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | only, just | soli duo homines 'only two men'; |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language 1 | Old Chinese | |
| Language 2 | Mandarin Chinese | |
| Lexeme | dú (獨, 独) | |
| Meaning 1 | alone, lonely | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | only, just | |
| Reference | BKRS Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 55 | |
| Comment | In Archaic Chinese 'alone, lonely'. |
|
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | peke yake | |
| Meaning 1 | alone (third person singular) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | only, just | |
| Reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 56 | |
| Comment | ||
Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019, 55-56