water
→
river
14 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Abaza | |
| lexeme | дзы / ʒə | |
| meaning 1 | water | йрыжвуа дзы / jrəẑəwa ʒə drinking water |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | river | адзы хъвкIылра / aʒə qʷḳəlra to dam the river |
| reference | Tugov 1967 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Batsbi | |
| lexeme | xi | |
| meaning 1 | water | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | river | |
| reference | Kadagidze & Kadagidze 1984: 809 | |
| comment | also 'pond; brook, creek' | |
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Casiguran Dumagat | |
| lexeme | dinom | |
| meaning 1 | water | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | river, stream | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Doromu-Koki | |
| lexeme | koru | |
| meaning 1 | water | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | river, stream, brook, creek | |
| reference | Bradshaw 2021: 106 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hill Mari | |
| lexeme | вӹд | |
| meaning 1 | water | кӱшӹ вӹд boiled water |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | river | вӹд нӓлӹн the river overflowed |
| reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ibaloy | |
| lexeme | shanom | |
| meaning 1 | water | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | river | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Ida'an Begak | |
| language 2 | Mamanwa | |
| lexeme | sapaɁ | |
| meaning 1 | water | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | river | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | Favorlang/Babuza sapā ‘river’, Casiguran Dumagat sapa ‘pond; stagnant water’, Ayta Abellan hapa ‘small stream; lake’, Tagalog sápaɁ ‘brook; rivulet; small stream (shallow, and may have water only during rainy season)’, Bikol sápaɁ ‘stream, rivulet’, Hanunóo sápaɁ ‘river’, Aklanon sapáɁ ‘pond, small lake’, sapáɁ-sápaɁ ‘pond, very small lake’, sapáɁ-sapáɁ-an ‘overflooded in areas, covered with puddles, ponds’, Hiligaynon sapáɁ ‘creek, brook; lake’, Cebuano sápaɁ ‘brook or creek’, Tausug sapaʔ ‘a small river, stream’, Samal sapaʔ ‘river’, Mongondow tapaʔ ‘brook, creek’ | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komi | |
| lexeme | ва | |
| meaning 1 | water | ва войт water drop |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | river | ва воссяс – сёян вежсяс the river will open - food will change (i.e. fish will appear on the table) |
| reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lakalai | |
| lexeme | la-lalu | |
| meaning 1 | fresh water | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | river | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lele (Papua New Guinea) | |
| lexeme | d̃an | |
| meaning 1 | fresh water | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | river | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Meadow Mari | |
| lexeme | вӱд | |
| meaning 1 | water | теҥыз вӱд sea water |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | river | Пароходшо Юл вӱд дене йӱксӧ семынак иеш (Мирон Большаков) A steamer floats like a swan along the Volga River. |
| reference | Marij jylme muter | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nalik | |
| lexeme | danim | |
| meaning 1 | fresh water | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | river | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tofa | |
| lexeme | суғ | |
| meaning 1 | water; liquid | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | small river, brook, streamlet | мен бо суғну сал бле кеъштiм I moved this river on a raft |
| reference | Rassadin 2016: 368 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tok Pisin | |
| lexeme | wara | |
| meaning 1 | water | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | river, stream | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | From English water | |
CLICS-3 666-948