white
→
Boletus edulis
14 realizations
MACROAREA: Eurasia
Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 (ID: 24120) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Complex derivation | |
| language | Bashkir | |
| lexeme 1 | аҡ | |
| lexeme 2 | аҡ бәшмәк | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Bashkir Uraksin 1996: 18 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 (ID: 10903) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Buriat | |
| lexeme 1 | сагаан | |
| lexeme 2 | сагаан мөөгэ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Rupysheva 2014 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 (ID: 10906) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Erzya | |
| lexeme 1 | ашо | |
| lexeme 2 | ашо панго | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | ЭрзРС | |
| comment | Grebneva 1984 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 (ID: 10902) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Ingria Finnish | |
| lexeme 1 | valkee | |
| lexeme 2 | valkeetatti (valkijatatti, valkonetatti) | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Koppaleva 2007 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 (ID: 10908) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Ingush | |
| lexeme 1 | кIай | |
| lexeme 2 | кIай жIаленускал | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Baraxoeva, Kodzoev, Xajrov 2015 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 (ID: 10909) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Khakas | |
| lexeme 1 | ах | |
| lexeme 2 | ах миске | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Subrakova O. (ed.) 2006 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 (ID: 10899) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Komi | |
| lexeme 1 | еджыд | |
| lexeme 2 | еджыд гоб | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | КомиРС | |
| comment | semantic borrowing from Russian is very probable. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 (ID: 38873) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Komi-Permyak | |
| lexeme 1 | чочком | |
| lexeme 2 | чочком гоб | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | https://dict.fu-lab.ru/term?tid=1285381 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 (ID: 10901) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Mari | |
| lexeme 1 | ош | |
| lexeme 2 | ош понгы | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Чурмаева 1997 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 (ID: 10905) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Moksha | |
| lexeme 1 | акша | |
| lexeme 2 | акша панга | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Grebneva 1984 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 (ID: 10907) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Nanai | |
| lexeme 1 | чāгǯан | |
| lexeme 2 | чāгǯан пӣчхэ | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Zaksor 2005 | |
| comment | Semantic influence from Russian is highly plausible. Пӣчхэ is a general term for 'mushroom', but more often denotes tinder fungus, Fomes fomentarius. The term is attested in Khabarovsk Krai and Primorsky Krai |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 (ID: 10898) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | белый | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | МАС | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 (ID: 10904) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Tatar | |
| lexeme 1 | aк | |
| lexeme 2 | aк гөмбә | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Ganiev 2004 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 (ID: 10900) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Udmurt | |
| lexeme 1 | тӧдьы | |
| lexeme 2 | тӧдьыгуби | |
| meaning 1 | white | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Boletus edulis | |
| reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| comment | ||
The shift arose in the East Slavic linguistic area and spread through semantic calquing in many languages of the former Soviet Union, both through direct contact between speakers and through the development of biological terminology.
There are three possible explanations. 1. Because the mushroom's stipe is white. 2. Because Boletus edulis does not darken when cooked or dryed. This distinguishes it from closely relative Leccinum scabrum and Leccinum aurantiacum, often described as "black mushrooms" in Russian dialects. 3. Because Boletus edulis is regarded as most valuable mushroom; in this interpretapion "white mushroom" is opposed to less valuable "black mushrooms", with "white" carrying the sense "noble" and "black" the sense "simple", "common".