Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Botlikh | |
| lexeme | аздагьа | |
| meaning 1 | dragon | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | crocodile | |
| reference | Alekseev, Azaev 2019: 27 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Classical Armenian | |
| lexeme | nhang (նհանգ) | |
| meaning 1 | mythical aquatic monster | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | crocodile | |
| reference | Petrosean, Matatʿeay 1879 | |
| comment | http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=16&query=%D5%B6%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language 1 | Sanskrit | |
| language 2 | Burmese | |
| lexeme 1 | mákara (मकर) | |
| lexeme 2 | mi.kyaung (မိကျောင်း) | |
| meaning 1 | a kind of sea-monster | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | crocodile, alligator | |
| reference | SEAlang Burmrse | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | nakra (नक्र) | |
| meaning 1 | (Classical Sanskrit) sea monster(supernatural) | tato vyadṛśyanta catuḥsamudrāḥ samantataḥ kṣmātalamāgrasantaḥ. samīravegormibhirugranakramahābhayāvartagabhīraghoṣāḥ. (ततो व्यदृश्यन्त चतुःसमुद्राः समन्ततः क्ष्मातलमाग्रसन्तः। समीरवेगोर्मिभिरुग्रनक्रमहाभयावर्तगभीरघोषाः॥) Bhāgavata Purāṇa 12.9.12 Then the four great oceans appeared on all sides, swallowing up the surface of the earth with their wind-tossed waves. In these oceans were terrible sea monsters, fearful whirlpools and ominous rumblings. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | (Classical Sanskrit) crocodile; alligator | śrutvā haristamaraṇārthinamaprameyaścakrāyudhaḥ patagarājabhujādhirūḍhaḥ. cakreṇa nakravadanaṃ vinipāṭya tasmāddhaste pragṛhya bhagavān kṛpayojjahāra. (श्रुत्वा हरिस्तमरणार्थिनमप्रमेयश्चक्रायुधः पतगराजभुजाधिरूढः। चक्रेण नक्रवदनं विनिपाट्य तस्माद्धस्ते प्रगृह्य भगवान् कृपयोज्जहार॥) Bhāgavata Purāṇa 2.7.16 Hari [Kṛṣna], after hearing the elephant’s plea, felt that the elephant needed his immediate help, for he was in great distress. Thus at once the Lord appeared there on the wings of the king of birds, Garuḍa, fully equipped with his weapon, the cakra. With the wheel he cut to pieces the mouth of the crocodile to save the elephant, and he delivered the elephant by lifting him by his trunk. |
| reference | MW: 524 | |
| comment | DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany http://www.sanskrit-linguistics.org/dcs/index.php?contents=abfrage&word=nakra&query_type=1&sort_by=alpha Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/apte_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0&searchhws=yes&matchtype=default |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Sanskrit | |
| language 2 | Hindi | |
| lexeme 1 | mákara (मकर) | |
| lexeme 2 | magar (मगर) | |
| meaning 1 | makara | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | crocodile | |
| reference | Bahri 1989 | |
| comment | McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/mcgregor_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit magara |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Sanskrit | |
| language 2 | Urdu | |
| lexeme 1 | mákara (मकर) | |
| lexeme 2 | magar (مگر) | |
| meaning 1 | monster (supernatural) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | crocodile | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Platts, John T. (1884) A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/platts_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit magara |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Thai | |
| lexeme | ngʉ̂ʉak (เงือก) | |
| meaning 1 | (archaic, mythology, literature) nāga; dragon; serpent; malevolent creature having a snake- or crocodile-like appearance and associated with water | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | (archaic) crocodile | |
| reference | SEAlang Thai | |
| comment | From Proto-Tai *ŋɯəkᴰ 'crocodile'. Cognate with Lao ເງືອກ (ngư̄ak), Shan ငိူၵ်ႈ (ngōek), Tai Nüa ᥒᥫᥐ (ngoek), Ahom ṅük, Nong Zhuang ngowg, Zuojiang Zhuang ngweg. According to Pittayaporn (2009-2010:16) from Middle Chinese 鱷 (MC ngak, “crocodile”). Vovin (2021:113) contends that the loan direction is from Tai to Later Han Chinese. Pittayaporn, Pittayawat. 2009–2010. "Karsts, Rivers, and Crocodiles". South-East Asia Program Bulletin 2009–2010: 13–17. |
|