fortress
→
prison
5 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Armenian | |
| Lexeme | berd (բերդ) | |
| Meaning 1 | fortress | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (dialectal, colloquial) prison | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | cix, cixā | |
| Meaning 1 | fortress | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | prison | |
| Reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 123 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hiligaynon | |
| Lexeme | kútà | |
| Meaning 1 | fort, fortress | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | prison, jail | |
| Reference | SEAlang Hiligaynon | |
| Comment | From Tagalog kuta 'fort; fortress; fortification' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | крепость (krepost') | |
| Meaning 1 | fortress | Урядник привел меня в избу, стоявшую на высоком берегу реки, на самом краю крепости. А. Пушкин Капитанская дочка The sergeant took me to a hut, which stood on the high bank of the river, on the very edge of the fortress. A. Pushkin The Captain's Daughter |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (obsolete) prison | Мы все по-разному Судьбой своей оплаканы. Кто крепость знал, Кому Сибирь знакома. Есен. Русь бесприютная. We are all mourned in different ways by our Fate. Who knew the fortress, Who knows Siberia. S. Esenin Shelterless Russia |
| Reference | BAS: 5, 1628-1630 | |
| Comment | From крепкий 'hard; strong; firm'. Compare Old East Slavic крѣпость (krěpostĭ) 'strength'. Meaning related to fortification attested since 16th-17th centuries. Possibly influenced by German Festung 'fortress' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | острог (ostgog) | |
| Meaning 1 | (historical) fortress, stockaded town | Хабаров достиг устья реки Кумари, где построил укрепленный острог. Khabarov reached the mouth of the Kumari River, where he built a fortified ostrog |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (dated) prison, jail | — Барин хотел, — сказал ему исправник, — посадить тебя в городской острог.., но я вступился за тебя и выпросил тебе прощение. А. Пушкин Дубровский - The landowner wanted, - the police chief told him, - to put you in the city prison ... but I stood up for you and begged your forgiveness. A. Pushkin Dubrovsky |
| Reference | BAS: 8, 1197 | |
| Comment | ||