liver
→
spleen (anat.)
18 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Fijian | |
| lexeme 1 | ate | |
| lexeme 2 | ate balavu | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | POLLEX-Online | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Hawaiian | |
| lexeme 1 | ake + loa | |
| lexeme 2 | ake loa | |
| meaning 1 | liver + long | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | POLLEX-Online Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 192 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Hill Mari | |
| lexeme 1 | мокш | |
| lexeme 2 | тылыкмокш | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
| comment | 'orphan liver' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | Indonesian | |
| lexeme | limpa | |
| meaning 1 | (in some regions) liver | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | SEALang Indonesia | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language 1 | Italian | |
| language 2 | Albanian | |
| lexeme 1 | milza | |
| lexeme 2 | mëlçi | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Vocabolario Treccani | |
| comment | Orel, Vladimir (1998) Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, 259 |
|
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Kazakh | |
| lexeme 1 | бауыр | |
| lexeme 2 | көк бауыр | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Syzdykova, Xusain (eds.) 2008: 136-137 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Marshallese | |
| lexeme | ac | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 190 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nakanai | |
| lexeme | hate- | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (rare) spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 180 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Niuean | |
| lexeme 1 | ate + loa | |
| lexeme 2 | ate loa | |
| meaning 1 | liver + long | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | POLLEX-Online Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 192 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Niuean | |
| lexeme 1 | ate + pili | |
| lexeme 2 | ate-pili | |
| meaning 1 | liver + sticky, adhere to | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 192 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Samoan | |
| lexeme 1 | ate + pili | |
| lexeme 2 | ate-pili | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 192 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Somali | |
| lexeme 1 | beer | |
| lexeme 2 | beeryaro(-da), beeryar(-ta) | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Alejnikov 2012: 34 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Tahitian | |
| lexeme 1 | ate + roa | |
| lexeme 2 | ate-roa | |
| meaning 1 | liver + long | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 192 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Tokelau | |
| lexeme 1 | ate + pili | |
| lexeme 2 | ate-pili | |
| meaning 1 | liver + sticky, adhere to | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 192 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Tommo So | |
| lexeme 1 | kíndɛ | |
| lexeme 2 | kíndɛ pààràá | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | McPherson 2009: 172-173 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Tongan | |
| lexeme 1 | ʔate + pili | |
| lexeme 2 | ʔate-pili | |
| meaning 1 | liver + sticky, adhere to | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 192 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| lexeme 1 | альаайэ(ң) | |
| lexeme 2 | льукульаайэ | |
| meaning 1 | liver | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | spleen (anat.) | |
| reference | Kurilov 2001: 35, 226 | |
| comment | ||
Spleen as 'long liver'. The metaphor appears to be pre-Proto-Polynesian.