grandfather
→
term of address to a man
13 realizations
Multi-area
Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 8268 | old man | → | term of address to a man | Open |
-
Comment
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language 1 | Bahnar | |
| language 2 | Rengao | |
| lexeme | ʹbok | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | Sir, Mr., Pastor, term of respect | |
| reference | Gregerson & Gregerson 2026: 217 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Brahui | |
| lexeme | abā | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | respectful term of address | |
| reference | Bray_Brahui dictionary: 49 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Indonesian | |
| lexeme | datuk | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | an honorific title for people of high status or older people within the group | |
| reference | SEALang Indonesia | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Javanese | |
| lexeme | kaki | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | term of address affectionate, respectful for young man. | |
| reference | SEAlang Javanese | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kannada | |
| lexeme | tāta | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | an address and reference term with respect and love for an old man | |
| reference | Kannada-English Etymological Dictionary: 461 | |
| comment | Also ayya = "grandfather", "word used for calling a man with respect (which has been replaced by “Sir” in cities)" | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kannada | |
| lexeme | ayya | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | term of address to a man | |
| reference | Kannada-English Etymological Dictionary: 52 | |
| comment | Meaning 2: word used for calling a man with respect (which has been replaced by “Sir” in cities) | |
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nheengatu | |
| lexeme | amunha | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | term of address to an elder man | |
| reference | Avila 2021 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Shan | |
| lexeme | pu2 | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | appellation of respect given to aged men | |
| reference | SEAlang Shan | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | tāttā | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | a polite way of referring to an aged person | |
| reference | Cre-A Tamil: 530 | |
| comment | Meaning 2: it's a nowadays usage | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | ayyā | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | term of respectful address to a man | |
| reference | Cre-A Tamil: 190 | |
| comment | Meaning 2: "a word of courtesy used to refer to someone who is older or in a higher position; sir." | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Thai | |
| lexeme | ˈtaa | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | title used with the first names of men or boys, especially older men | |
| reference | SEAlang Thai | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | dede | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | word of address to old men in casual speech | |
| reference | TDKS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Waray | |
| lexeme | lolo | |
| meaning 1 | grandfather | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | term of address for an old man | |
| reference | SEAlang Waray | |
| comment | ||