idler, loafer
→
sloth (South American mammal)
35 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Azerbaijani | |
| lexeme | ərincək | |
| meaning 1 | idler, slacker, sluggard | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | Azərbaycanca-rusca lüǧet 2006 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Belarusan | |
| lexeme | лянівец | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | Slounik.org | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bosnian | |
| lexeme | ljenjivac | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | troprsti ljenjivac three-toed sloth |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Brazilian Portuguese | |
| lexeme | preguiça | |
| meaning 1 | laziness; sloth | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | Feerštejn, Starec 2005 | |
| comment | Also bicho-preguiça lit. 'beast-sloth' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bulgarian | |
| lexeme | ленивец | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Кафявогърлият ленивец brown-throated sloth |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Catalan | |
| lexeme | peresós | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Tots els peresosos tenen tres dits en els peus. All sloths have three toes on their feet. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Catalan | |
| lexeme | peresós | |
| meaning 1 | lazy | Ésser peresós d’escriure. Ésser peresós per a llevar-se. Per peresa de llescar, el peresós no menja pa. Be lazy to write. Being lazy to get up. For laziness of slicing, the lazy one does not eat bread. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | DIEC2 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Croatian | |
| lexeme | lenjivac | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Ljenivci nastanjuju isključivo krošnje stabala tropskih kišnih šuma Srednje Amerike i područja Amazonije pa do južnih područja Brazila. Sloths inhabit exclusively the canopy of tropical rainforests of Central America and the Amazon to the southern regions of Brazil. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Croatian | |
| lexeme 1 | lijеn | |
| lexeme 2 | ljеnjivac | |
| meaning 1 | idle | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | HJP | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Czech | |
| lexeme | lenochod | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | SSJČ | |
| comment | semantic influence of scientific Latin Bradypus from Ancient Greek βραδύς 'slow' + πούς 'foot' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Danish | |
| lexeme 1 | doven | |
| lexeme 2 | dovendyr | |
| meaning 1 | lazy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dutch | |
| lexeme | luiaard | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Luiaards hebben een boomklimmende levensstijl. Sloths have a tree climbing lifestyle. |
| reference | Mironov 1987: 413 | |
| comment | aard 'nature, character' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | sloth | |
| meaning 1 | reluctance to work or make an effort; laziness | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | slow-moving tropical American mammal that hangs upside down from the branches of trees using its long limbs and hooked claws | |
| reference | ODE | |
| comment | From Middle English slouthe, slewthe 'laziness', from Old English slǣwþ 'sloth, indolence, laziness, inertness' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Estonian | |
| lexeme 1 | laisk | |
| lexeme 2 | laiskloom | |
| meaning 1 | lazy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Võrreldes teiste sama suurte imetajatega on laiskloomadel poole aeglasem ainevahetus. Compared to other mammals of the same size, sloths have a half-slower metabolism. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme | laiskiainen | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person | |
| direction | ← | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | Vahros, Ščerbakov 2007: 308 | |
| comment | laiska 'lazy' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | paresseux | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | En voyant les Orientaux, sous un ciel brûlant (...), ne peut-on pas prononcer, sans autre examen, que ces peuples sont oisifs et paresseux? (Jouy,Hermite,t.4, 1813, p.260). Seeing the Orientals, under a burning sky (...), can we not pronounce, without further examination, that these peoples are idle and lazy? |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Le paresseux de la famille des Bradypodidae est très recherché comme animal de compagnie. Cependant son métabolisme lent adapté au mode de vie dans la forêt se montre très vulnérable à certaines maladies qui provoquent une surmortalité des paresseux en captivité The sloth of the Bradypodidae family is in great demand as a pet. However, its slow metabolism, adapted to the way of life in the forest, is very vulnerable to certain diseases which cause excess mortality in sloths in captivity |
| reference | CNRTL | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme 1 | faul | |
| lexeme 2 | Faultier | |
| meaning 1 | lazy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | Duden | |
| comment | faul + Tier 'animal'. Also Faultier (informal) 'lazy person'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | lajhár | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | A lajhárok legközelebbi ma élő rokonai a hangyászok The closest relatives of sloths living today are the anteaters |
| reference | Gal’di 1987: 440 | |
| comment | Word of unknown origin; it is certainly related to the dialectal adjective lingale ‘slow, sluggish, clumsy’, also of unknown origin. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Icelandic | |
| lexeme 1 | leti | |
| lexeme 2 | letidýr | |
| meaning 1 | laziness | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | ISLEX | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latvian | |
| lexeme | sliņķis | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person | tēvs necieš sliņķus, jo allaž savus dēlus mācījis: “darbs ir cilvēka lielākais gods” father couldn't stand lazy people, as he always taught his sons: “work is man's greatest honor” |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | parastais (trīspirkstu) sliņķis simple (three-fingered) sloth |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lithuanian | |
| lexeme | tinginys | |
| meaning 1 | laziness, lazy person, idler, loafer | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | tripirštis tinginys three-toed sloth |
| reference | LRŽ: 829 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Macedonian | |
| lexeme | мрзливец | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person, idler, loafer | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Оклопниците и мрзливците имаат секачи, кои кај некои видови се без глеѓната покривка што се среќава на забите од повеќето други цицачи. armadillos and sloths have incisors, which in some species are without the enamel cover found on the teeth of most other mammals. |
| reference | Tolovski, Illič-Svityč 1963: 265 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme 1 | lǎn (懶, 懒) | |
| lexeme 2 | shùlǎn (樹懶, 树懒) | |
| meaning 1 | lazy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | BKRS | |
| comment | 'tree' + 'lazy' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Norwegian | |
| lexeme 1 | doven | |
| lexeme 2 | dovendyr | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Dovendyr blir normalt mellom 58 og 70 cm høy og veier mellom 5 og 12 kilo. Sloths are normally between 58 and 70 cm tall and weigh between 5 and 12 kilos. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Bokmål and Nynorsk | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Occitan | |
| lexeme | peresós | |
| meaning 1 | lazy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Lo peresós ten una pelissa d'un brun verdós que li permet de s'escondre dins lo fuelhum. The sloth has a greenish-brown fur that allows it to hide in the foliage. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Polish | |
| lexeme | leniwiec | |
| meaning 1 | (colloquial, derogatory) lazy person, idler, loafer | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | Słownik języka polskiego PWN | |
| comment | The first meaning in Polish from XIV c., the second one from XVIII c. Under semantic influece of German Faultier and French paresseux (Slawski, IV, 153) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romanian | |
| lexeme | leneș | |
| meaning 1 | idler, lazy person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Leneșii se hrănesc în general cu frunze, muguri, lăstari în principal din copacii de genul Cecropia. Sloths generally feed on leaves, buds, shoots mainly from trees from the genus Cecropia |
| reference | DEX98 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | ленивец (lenivec) | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | …здесь замошников достать неможно, к тому ж, чтоб был не пьяница и не ленивец (В. Н. Татищев. Наказ комиссару Уктусского завода Т. Бурцову, 1721); — Я бы желал,— сказал он,— чтобы, не учившись, я всегда знал урок свой, какой мне ни задали.
— Не думал я, что ты такой ленивец,— ответил король, покачав головою.— Но делать нечего: я должен исполнить свое обещание. (А. Погорельский "Черная курица, или Подземные жители", 1829) You can't find a locksmith here, and even one that is not a drunkard and lazy (V. Tatischev, 1721); ”I would like, - he said, - that, without studying, I always knew my lesson, whatever I was asked”. “I didn’t think you were such a loafer,” the king replied, shaking his head. “But there’s nothing to do: I must keep my promise”. (A. Pogorelskij, 1829) |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Большую часть жизни ленивцы проводят на деревьях, почти не двигаясь. Sloths spend most of their lives in trees, almost without moving. |
| reference | BAS: 6, 153 | |
| comment | The first meaning was attested in Russian dictionaries in 1731 (German-Latin and Russian Lexicon" by E. Weismann, page 361, for German «ein trager langsamer Mensch» and Latin cunctator) and in 1771 (Der russische Cellarius, oder Etymologisches Wörterbuch by Franz Hölterhof, page 285, for German «ein Faulenzer»). Also SAR III, 1355. Second meaning initially in ленивой зверь ‘sloth’, lit. ‘lazy animal’ (Sl.nat.ist., 1788, I, 279), semantic borrowing from German Faulthier (SRJa XVIII, XI, 150, Bagrinovskij ), ленивец ‘das Fraulthier’ in 1798 (Vollständiges Deutsch-Russisches Lexicon, I, 512). | |
| NEW Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serbian | |
| lexeme | лењивац (lenjivac) | |
| meaning 1 | idler, loafer | Da bi opravdao svoju lenost , lenjivac ističe teškoće i prepreke nekome poslu, i uveličava ih preko svake mere. To justify his/her laziness idler highlights difficulties and obstacles to some business and exaggerate them beyond measures. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Lenjivac je najsporija životinja na svetu. Spava dnevno po 18 h. Sloth is the slowest animal in the world. It sleeps 18 hours a day. |
| reference | CLARIN.SI | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Slovak | |
| lexeme | leňoch | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Leňochy žijú v Južnej (a Strednej) Amerike na stromoch Sloths live in trees in South (and Central) America |
| reference | Slovníkový portál | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Slovenian | |
| lexeme | lenivec | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person | ne podpirajte lenivcev don’t support the lazy |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | triprsti lenivec three-toed sloth |
| reference | SSKJ2 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme | perezoso | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person, idler, loafer | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | |
| reference | DRAE | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme 1 | tembel | |
| lexeme 2 | tembel hayvan | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Tembel hayvanlar, günde 15 ila 18 saat uyuyarak en çok uyuyan hayvanların başında gelirler. Sloths are among the animals that sleep the most, sleeping 15 to 18 hours a day. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ukrainian | |
| lexeme | лінивець | |
| meaning 1 | (colloquial) lazy person | Як звезе [козак] його гарапником! Той лінивець аж підскочив вище козака How [the Cossack] take him with a quirt! That lazybones jumped up above the Cossack |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | sloth (South American mammal) | Зеленуватий колір шерсті лінивців пояснюється тим, що на їх шкірі симбіотично живуть водорості The greenish color of the hair of sloths is due to the fact that on their skin symbiotically live algae |
| reference | SUM-11 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Welsh | |
| lexeme | diogyn | |
| meaning 1 | lazy person, sluggard, idler | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | sloth, one of the Bradypodidæ | |
| reference | Geiriuadur | |
| comment | Second meaning since 1824. | |