Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | car | |
| meaning 1 | (dated) a wheeled vehicle, drawn by a horse or other animal; a chariot. | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (chiefly Canada, US) an unpowered unit in a railroad train | The conductor coupled the cars to the locomotive. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | carriage | |
| meaning 1 | carriage | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Britain) A rail car, especially one designed for the conveyance of passengers | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | voiture | |
| meaning 1 | (historical) car (wheeled vehicle usually pulled by a horse) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | railcar | locomotive à cinq voitures locomotive with five carriages |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | char | |
| meaning 1 | chariot, carriage | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Louisiana) train car | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | Wagen | |
| meaning 1 | cart (drawn by a person, by horses, by oxen, etc) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | railroad car | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Also Eisenbahnwagen. | |
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Indonesian | |
| lexeme | kereta | |
| meaning 1 | carriage | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | railcar | |
| reference | SEALang Indonesia | |
| comment | From Portuguese carreta The common meaning of kereta is train, which came from shortening of phrase kereta api 'carriage + fire'. The meaning of motorcycle is limited in Deli (Sumatra), such as Medan as is in local Malay dialects. |
|
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Javanese | |
| lexeme | kréta | |
| meaning 1 | cart, carriage | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | train | |
| reference | SEAlang Javanese | |
| comment | Borrowed from Portuguese carreta 'cart' |
|
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Malay | |
| lexeme 1 | kereta | |
| lexeme 2 | kereta api | |
| meaning 1 | carriage | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | railcar | |
| reference | SEALang Malay | |
| comment | Probably from calque from Chinese huǒchē (火車／火车) 'train', literally 'fire + car'. |
|
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme 1 | chē (車, 车) | |
| lexeme 2 | huǒchē (火車 / 火车) | |
| meaning 1 | land vehicle | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | train | |
| reference | BKRS English Wiktionary | |
| comment | 'fire vehicle' First attested in 美理哥合省國志略 [1838] by Elijah Coleman Bridgman, perhaps modelled on already-existing 火船 'steamship' (fire + ship), or shortened from 火烝車／火烝车 'train' (fire + steam + vehicle), attested in the same work. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serbian | |
| lexeme | кола (kola) | |
| meaning 1 | carriage | Grmljavina je tutnjava njegovih kola, kojima se on vozi po nebu i oblacima. Thunder is the rumble of his chariot that he drives through the sky and clouds. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | railcar | спаваћа кола sleeping car |
| reference | CLARIN.SI Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 551 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme | carro | |
| meaning 1 | cart | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Latin America) train car | |
| reference | DRAE | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme | coche | |
| meaning 1 | carriage, coach (a wheeled vehicle, generally drawn by horse power) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | railcar | Atención, estación en curva, al salir tengan cuidado de no introducir el pie entre coche y andén Attention, curved station, when exiting be careful not to put your foot between the car and the platform |
| reference | DRAE | |
| comment | ||