Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Cantonese Chinese | |
| lexeme 1 | suk6 syu2 (蜀黍) | |
| lexeme 2 | juk6 suk6 syu2 (玉蜀黍) | |
| meaning 1 | sorghum | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | juk6 (玉) 'jade' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Hanunoo | |
| language 2 | Kedang | |
| lexeme 1 | bátad | |
| lexeme 2 | watar | |
| meaning 1 | sorghum, a coarse annual grass, cultivated as a cereal (Andropogon sorghum Linn. Brot.) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | Proto Malayo-Polynesian *batad 'millet or sorghum sp.', West Malayo-Polynesian 'sorghum' or 'millet', Central Malayo-Polynesian 'maize': Cebuano batád 'sorghum, kind of coarse grass used for forage: Andropogon sorghum', Maranao bantad 'Sorghum vulgare pers. - barley-like plant', Makassarese bataraʔ 'millet sp.', Kambera wataru 'maize', Tetun batar 'maize'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme | morokoshi (もろこし or モロコシ) | |
| meaning 1 | sorghum | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize (especially corn on the cob) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Clipping of morokoshi kibi (もろこしきび) 'sorghum', with the shortened reading then re-applied to the entire original kanji compounds 唐黍 and 蜀黍. morokoshi kibi (もろこしきび) is a compound of morokoshi (唐), “China in general; (by extension) foreign”) + kibi (黍) 'millet'. Also tōmorokoshi (玉蜀黍) 'maize' from tō (唐) 'Tang Dynasty; China in general; (by extension) foreign' + morokoshi 'sorghum'. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)], Tōkyō: Shogakukan Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin], Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Kanuri | |
| lexeme 1 | ngàwúlì | |
| lexeme 2 | ngàwúlì másàrmì | |
| meaning 1 | sorghum | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ngàwúlì másàr-mì 'N N-DIMIN guinea corn Egypt-son.of ' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Kazakh | |
| lexeme 1 | акжүгерi | |
| lexeme 2 | жүгерi | |
| meaning 1 | sorghum | |
| direction | ← | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | Syzdykova, Xusain (eds.) 2008: 44, 345 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme 1 | susu (수수) | |
| lexeme 2 | oksusu (옥수수) | |
| meaning 1 | sorghum | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | from ok (옥) 'jade' + susu (수수) 'sorghum' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Malay | |
| lexeme | jagung | |
| meaning 1 | (obsolete) sorghum | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | SEALang Malay | |
| comment | Borrowed from Javanese jawa agung. Compound of jawa, a contraction of juwawut "foxtail millet" + agung "big". Lombard, Denys (1996) Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, volume 2: Jaringan Asia, Penerbit Gramedia, page 263 https://archive.org/details/NJ2JA/page/n273/mode/2up?q=jagung |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Manchu | |
| lexeme 1 | šušu | |
| lexeme 2 | aiha šušu | |
| meaning 1 | sorghum | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | aiha 'colored glaze' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme 1 | shǔshǔ (蜀黍) | |
| lexeme 2 | yùshǔshǔ (玉蜀黍) | |
| meaning 1 | sorghum | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | BKRS | |
| comment | yù (玉) 'jade' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Modern Written Arabic | |
| lexeme | ḏura (ذُرَة) | |
| meaning 1 | durra (Sorghum bicolor) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize (Zea mays) | |
| reference | Wehr World Loanword Database | |
| comment | Tarifiyt Berber d’d’ra 'maize' is borrowed from Arabian |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | Standard Zhuang | |
| lexeme | haeuxyangz | |
| meaning 1 | (dialect) sorghum | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | From haeux 'rice; grain' + yangz, a morpheme from Chinese, often thought to be from 洋 (Middle Chinese yang 'foreign'), though Wei (2018) suggests that it is more likely from 皇 (Middle Chinese hwang 'imperial') instead. Cognate with Bouyei hauxyaangz 'sorghum'. Wei Jing-yun (2018) “壮语‘玉米’方言词分布及其传播 [The Spreading and Distribution of Corn's Proper Names in Zhuang Dialects]”, in Journal of Minzu University of China (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) (in Chinese), volume 45, number 5, page 148 Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih Saujsu Minzcuz Yijyenz Vwnzsw Gunghcoz Veijyenzvei Yenzgiusiz 广西壮族自治区少数民族语言文字工作委员会研究室, editor (1984), Sawloih Cuengh Gun 壮汉词汇 [Zhuang–Chinese Lexicon] (in Chinese), Gvangjsih Minzcuz Cuzbanjse 广西民族出版社, page 413 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Uzbek | |
| lexeme | joʻxori / жўхори | |
| meaning 1 | (dated) sorghum | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | maize | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Also makkajoʻxori / маккажўхори 'maize' |
|
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench