narrow, close
—
difficult
22 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Amharic | |
| Lexeme | ṭäbab | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | in difficulties | |
| Reference | Hayward 2000: 637 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Hebrew | |
| Lexeme | ṣar | |
| Meaning 1 | to be tight | hinnē-nā ha-mmāḳōm ʔăšer ʔănaḥnū yōšəbīm šām lə-panēkā ṣar mimmennū 2King 6:1: 'there, the place which we live in became too narrow for us' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be in low circumstances, worried, sad | ṣar-lī məʔōd ū-pəlištīm nilḥāmīm bī 1Sam 28:15: 'I am in great distress, and the Philistines are warring against me' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | HALAT 990. (cf. also Hbr. ṣar 'narrrow'; subst. 'distress' (HALAT 984): | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | koṭჾĩ | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, close | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | hard. heavy (about life) | |
| Reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2013: 384 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Danish | |
| Lexeme | trang | |
| Meaning 1 | tight | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | difficult | trange kår; trange tider difficult living conditions; hard times |
| Reference | DDO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme | tight | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, tight | tight jeans обтягивающие джинсы |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | hard (circumstances) | to be in a tight place/corner быть в трудном положении |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | تنگ tang | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, tight | راه تنگ rāh-e tang narrow road |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | tight | به تنگ آمدن be tang āmadan to reach the extreme; to be in great distress |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 402 | |
| Comment | ПРС 219. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gamo | |
| Lexeme | ʕún’e | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | in difficulties | |
| Reference | Hayward 2000: 637 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Icelandic | |
| Lexeme | þröngur | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, close | þröngur gangur a narrow passage |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | difficult | fjárhagur fyrirtækisins er þröngur núna the firm is in a diffucult economic situation now |
| Reference | ISLEX | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karaim | |
| Lexeme | тар | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, tight | тар сокъакъ narrow side street |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | misery, trouble, unjustice | тар аларгъа болгъыйд Let it be hard for them |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | КРПС 514. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | тшыгöм | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, tight | кöмыс тшыгöм меным, юбкаыс тшыгöмджык these shoes are too narrow for me, the skirt is somewhat narrow |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | hard, difficult | тшыгöм вояс, тшыгöм лои овны hard years, life has become hard |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | КомиРС 666 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Latin | |
| Lexeme 1 | angustus | |
| Lexeme 2 | angustia | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | awkward situation, difficult sitation | |
| Reference | Lewis, Short | |
| Comment | Бурсье 66. Ital. angoscia, Fr. angoisse | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lezgian | |
| Lexeme | dar | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, tight | дар авун to make straight, narrow |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | tight, difficult | дар авун to encumber (in smth), to expose to difficulties |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Cf. ДАРВАЛ '1) cramped, overcrowded conditions, 2) material hardships, need' (LezgRus 107-108). The same in Tabassaran, cf. (TabRus 142). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Norwegian | |
| Lexeme | trang | |
| Meaning 1 | tight | trange bukser tight trousers |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | difficult | trange kår difficult living conditions |
| Reference | BO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Oromo | |
| Lexeme | d'ip'p'aa | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | in difficulties | |
| Reference | Hayward 2000: 637 | |
| Comment | In Gragg 1982:127, only meaning 2 is adduced as 'difficult'. Note also derivatives such as d'ip'p'uu 'trouble' etc., ibid. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | tesnyj | |
| Lexeme 2 | stesnennyj | |
| Meaning 1 | tight | тесный коридор narrow corridor |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | in great distress, in low circumstances | Она храбро переносила все неудобства бедного, стесненного житья. (Тургенев) 'She couragesouly bore all the discomforts of poor, distressful life.' (Turgenev) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Cf. also Ushakov: ТЕСНЫЙ - meaning 5. Затруднительный, трудный, тяжелый (разг.). «Сам я стар, дела подошли тесные.» (А.Островский). Тесные обстоятельства. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swedish | |
| Lexeme | trang | |
| Meaning 1 | tight | skorna var för trånga the shoes were too tight |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | difficult | de sitter så trångt att de inte kan betala räkningarna they are in such a difficult situation that they cannot pay the bills |
| Reference | SAO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tibetan | |
| Lexeme 1 | ku dog (ཀུ་དོག་) | |
| Lexeme 2 | ku dog ( (ཀུ་དོག་) | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, tight | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | deficiency, shortage | |
| Reference | Ives Waldo | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigrinya | |
| Lexeme | ṣäbäbä | |
| Meaning 1 | 'to be narrow, tight, not to be commodious, e.g., a room or a house' | səlläzərägʷädku kullu kədawəntäy ṣäbibuni 'Since I got fat, all my clothes are [too] tight for me' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | 'to bring into distress, straits' | lämzämän zäläḳaḥkani gänzäb kəmalsälka ʔay k̲əʔələn; bəzuḥ ṣäbibuni ʔallommo 'I cannot return you this year the money you lent me since I am in great straits' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (KT 2578). (cf. also ṣäbäba 'distress, straits, adversity, tribulation, anxiety, trouble, ordeal, woe' (KT 2578) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme | dar | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, close | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | difficult, restricted, in hard circumstances | |
| Reference | Baskakov 1977: 209 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Veps | |
| Lexeme | ahtaz | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, close | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | difficult | |
| Reference | Zajceva, Mullonen 1972: 22 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yakut | |
| Lexeme | кырыымчык | |
| Meaning 1 | poor | кырыымчык олох miserable life |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | narrow, close | кырыымчык дьиэ cramped room |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The dictionary claims that it is namely the meaning of "poor" is original here. ЯРС 211. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yakut | |
| Lexeme | кыараҕастык | |
| Meaning 1 | narrow, tight | кыараҕастык хайаҕастаа to make a narrow slit |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | poorly | кыараҕастык олор- to live in poverty |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЯРС 204. | |
See Hayward 2000:637: 'narrow, constricted' - 'in difficulties'