to struggle
→
ruff (bird)
6 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Albanian | |
| lexeme | luftëtar | |
| meaning 1 | warrior, fighter, combatant | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | ruff (bird) | |
| reference | Desfayes 1998 | |
| comment | From luftë 'war, fight' + -tar, or possibly borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin luctator, luctatōrem. Compare Romanian luptător | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Dutch | |
| lexeme 1 | kampen | |
| lexeme 2 | kemphaan | |
| meaning 1 | to struggle, to contend | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | ruff (bird) | |
| reference | Desfayes 1998 | |
| comment | haan 'rooster' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme 1 | Kampf | |
| lexeme 2 | Kampfläufer | |
| meaning 1 | fight | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | ruff (bird) | |
| reference | Desfayes 1998 | |
| comment | Also Kämpfer, Kampfhun, Kampfhahn, Kampfhänlein, Kampfschnepfe | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Italian | |
| lexeme | combattente | |
| meaning 1 | fighter, combatant | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | ruff (bird) | |
| reference | Desfayes 1998 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romanian | |
| lexeme | bătăuș | |
| meaning 1 | brawler | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | ruff (bird) | |
| reference | DRRS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme | combatiente | |
| meaning 1 | fighter | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | ruff (bird) | |
| reference | Desfayes 1998 | |
| comment | ||