glutton
→
wolverine
15 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Armenian | |
| lexeme | kułx (կուղխ) | |
| meaning 1 | (rare) gluttonous | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | From Classical Armenian kułx (կուղխ) 'gluttonous' (hapax legomenon) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Armenian | |
| lexeme 1 | šataker (շատակեր) | |
| lexeme 2 | šatakerik (շատակերիկ) | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bulgarian | |
| lexeme | лакомец | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Catalan | |
| lexeme | golut | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | DIEC2 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dutch | |
| lexeme | veelvraat | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | 1710; veel 'much' + vraat 'gobbling, eating gluttonously', calque of German Vielfraß or German Low German Veelfraat. The meaning ‘wolverine’ was initially the only one received into Dutch, although by 1849 the word had acquired the meaning ‘glutton’. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | glutton | |
| meaning 1 | one who eats voraciously, obsessively, or to excess | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (rare) wolverine | [A] civil establishment […] is the animal called a glutton, which falling from a tree (in which it generally conceals itself) upon some noble animal, immediately begins to tear it, and suck its blood […] Joseph Priestley, Letters to Burke, VII (1791). |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme | ahma | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | glouton | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | Ce glouton se jette sur son assiette This glutton throws himself onto his plate. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | Le glouton est un animal solitaire. The wolverine is a solitary animal. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | Vielfraß | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | Duden | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Italian | |
| lexeme | ghiottone | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | Vocabolario Treccani | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Karelian | |
| lexeme | ahmo | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | ahmo eläy mečässä wolverine lives in the forest |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | aika ahmo olet! well, you're a glutton! |
| reference | Žarinova 2006: 9 Zajkov, Rugoeva 1999: 7 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | New Latin | |
| lexeme | gulo | |
| meaning 1 | (post-Classical) glutton | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Macedonian | |
| lexeme | лакомец | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme | glotón | |
| meaning 1 | glutton | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | DRAE | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Yakut | |
| lexeme 1 | сиэ- | |
| lexeme 2 | сиэгэн | |
| meaning 1 | to eat | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | wolverine | |
| reference | SakhaTyla.Ru | |
| comment | ||
German Vielfraß or German Low German Veelfraat originally meant ‘glutton’, but was applied to the hyena in pre-modern times. In the 15th century, Old Norwegian fjellfross (“wolverine”, literally “mountain cat”) was borrowed into Middle Low German by Hanseatic fur traders as villevrās and folk-etymologically blended with the existing word for ‘glutton’, possibly influenced by Finnish ahma 'glutton; wolverine'.