to read
↔
to speak
9 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ḳaraʔa | |
| Meaning 1 | to read (a book), to recite | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to speak | |
| Reference | BK: II 701 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Embera | |
| Lexeme | ha'ra- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to say | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hittite | |
| Lexeme | halzai- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to speak | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | лыддьыны | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | гораа лыддьыны read aloud |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to speak | лекция лыддьыны to give a lecture |
| Reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Latin | |
| Language 2 | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme 1 | lego, -ere | |
| Lexeme 2 | λέγω | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | libros legere to read books |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to speak | θανεῖν ἐλέχθη they said he died |
| Reference | Dvoreckij 1976 | |
| Comment | Dvoreckij 1958 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Maori | |
| Lexeme | koorero-tia | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to say | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 | |
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Romanian | |
| Lexeme | zice | |
| Meaning 1 | (obsolete) to read | |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | to speak | |
| Reference | MDA2 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | читать | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | Читать книгу. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to speak | Читать лекцию. |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Serbian | |
| Lexeme | читати (čitati) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | читати књигу read a book |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to speak | читати лекције на универзитету to give a lecture in the university (to say) |
| Reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 1518 | |
| Comment | ||
CLICS-3 724-1458