sour
→
acid
31 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Malay | |
| Lexeme | asam | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | Rott et al. 1977.: 23 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Armenian | |
| Lexeme | tʿtʿu (թթու) | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | Galstjan 1984 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Modern Written Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ḥāmiḍ (حَامِض) | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | Lane: 0645 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Danish | |
| Lexeme | syre | |
| Meaning 1 | of food) the state of being sour. | Denne suppe mangler lidt syre. 'This soup needs a little sourness.' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (chemistry) acid | Saltsyre er en stærk syre. 'Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.' |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Belarusan | |
| Lexeme 1 | кіслы | |
| Lexeme 2 | кіслата | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | Slounik.org | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Ukrainian | |
| Lexeme 1 | кислий | |
| Lexeme 2 | кислота | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | кислый | |
| Lexeme 2 | кислота | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dutch | |
| Lexeme | zuur | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | Mironov 1987 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Estonian | |
| Lexeme 1 | hapu | |
| Lexeme 2 | hape | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | Veskimägi et al. 1995: 396 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Icelandic | |
| Lexeme | sýra | |
| Meaning 1 | to sour, to make sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Finnish | |
| Lexeme 1 | hapan | |
| Lexeme 2 | happo | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Modern meaning "acid" coined by Finnish folklorist and linguist Daniel Europaeus (1820-1884). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Indonesian | |
| Lexeme | asam | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | SEALang Indonesia | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme 1 | sauer | |
| Lexeme 2 | Säure | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | Duden | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Japanese | |
| Lexeme | san (酸) | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | New Latin | |
| Lexeme 1 | acidus | |
| Lexeme 2 | acidum | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Latvian | |
| Lexeme 1 | skābt | |
| Lexeme 2 | skābe | |
| Meaning 1 | to go sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | skābekli saturošas skābes 'oxygen-containing acids' |
| Reference | LEV 1992 | |
| Comment | first attested in dictionaries of that time. In the 1850s, Krišjānis Valdemārs tried to use the term skābums in the sense of “acid,” but without success: skābe became the standard term for this sense. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lithuanian | |
| Lexeme | rūgštis | |
| Meaning 1 | acid (sour, sharp, or biting to the taste) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Luxembourgish | |
| Lexeme 1 | sauer | |
| Lexeme 2 | Saier | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | d'Saier an der Limonad ass schlecht fir d'Zänn 'the acid in the lemonade is bad for the teeth' |
| Reference | LOD | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Macedonian | |
| Lexeme 1 | кисел | |
| Lexeme 2 | киселина | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | DRMJ | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Lexeme 1 | searbh | |
| Lexeme 2 | searbhag | |
| Meaning 1 | sour, tart | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Slovenian | |
| Lexeme 1 | kisel | |
| Lexeme 2 | kislina | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kyrghyz | |
| Lexeme | кычкыл | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Spanish | |
| Lexeme | ácido | |
| Meaning 1 | having a sour or vinegar taste | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | DRAE | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swedish | |
| Lexeme | syra | |
| Meaning 1 | sourness | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | SAOB | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Telugu | |
| Lexeme | āmlamu (ఆమ్లము) | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | Brown Telugu dictionary: 118 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| Lexeme | suān (酸) | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | yánsuān (鹽酸 / 盐酸 ) 'hydrochloric acid' |
| Reference | BKRS | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Czech | |
| Lexeme 1 | kyselý | |
| Lexeme 2 | kyselina | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | SSJČ | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Slovak | |
| Lexeme 1 | kyslý | |
| Lexeme 2 | kyselina | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | kyselina sírová 'sulfuric acid' |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Serbian | |
| Lexeme 1 | кисео (kiseo) | |
| Lexeme 2 | киселина (kiselina) | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | кисело грожђе, киселе јабуке 'sour grapes, sour apples' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | сумпорна киселина, азотна киселина 'sulfuric acid, nitric acid' |
| Reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 534 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Croatian | |
| Lexeme 1 | kiseo | |
| Lexeme 2 | kiselina | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | HJP | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Maori | |
| Lexeme | kawa | |
| Meaning 1 | sour | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | acid | |
| Reference | MD | |
| Comment | ||