ocean
→
dictionary
4 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | qāmūs (قَامُوس) | |
| Meaning 1 | ocean | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | dictionary, lexicon | |
| Reference | BK | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | qâmus (قاموس) | |
| Meaning 1 | ocean | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | dictionary | |
| Reference | Steingass 1892 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme | kamus | |
| Meaning 1 | ocean | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | dictionary | |
| Reference | Baskakov 1977: 504 | |
| Comment | |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Urdu | |
| Lexeme | qāmūs (قَامُوس) | |
| Meaning 1 | ocean | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | dictionary, encyclopedia | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co. |
|
Dictionary as ocean of words > name of a certain dictionary > general name of the class of books. From the from the title of Qamus al-Muhit ("The Surrounding Ocean") by al-Fayrūzabādī (1329–1414) a comprehensive and, for nearly five centuries, one of the most widely used Arabic dictionaries.
Other realizations are direct Arabian borrowings.
In some languages the Arabian world qāmūs (قَامُوس) was borrowed only in meaning 'dictionaty': Hausa ƙāmùs, Malay, Indonesian kamus, Maranao kamos, Kurdish qamûs, Pashto qâmós, Somali qaamuus, Swahili, Kikuyu kamusi, Uyghur qamus.