in front of
→
before (temporal)
18 realizations
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bashkir | |
| lexeme | ал | |
| meaning 1 | front part | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | time before something, eve | |
| reference | Bashkir Uraksin 1996: 21 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Batsbi | |
| lexeme | ⱨatx[ê] | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | |
| reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 285 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bughotu (Bugotu) | |
| lexeme | naɣo | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 116 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | before | |
| meaning 1 | in front, in advance of | Behind him march the halbardiers; before him sound the drums Halberdiers were marching behind him, the drums were played in front of him (OED) |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | He had never spoken to him before He had never spoken to him before |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Old English beforan "in front of, in former times; in the presence of, in front of in time or position (https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=before) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Farsi | |
| lexeme | پیش piš | |
| meaning 1 | front; ahead | در صف پیش dar ṣaf-e piš in the front row |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | شب پیش šab-e piš last night |
| reference | Rubinčik 1970: 326 | |
| comment | ПРС 172. | |
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | vor | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | der Stuhl steht vor dem Tisch the chair is in front of the table |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before | vor der Abreise before leaving |
| reference | ABBYY LINGUO | |
| comment | bevor 'before" (only temporal) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | előtt | |
| meaning 1 | ahead | a ház előtt in front of the house |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | a forradalom előtt before the revolution |
| reference | Гальди 1974: 178 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kwaio | |
| lexeme | naʔo | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 115 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | перед | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | Скамейка перед домом |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before | Перед войной |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sa'a (South Malaita, Apae'aa | |
| lexeme | naʔo | |
| meaning 1 | front | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 115 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme 1 | delante | |
| lexeme 2 | antes | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | detenerse delante de la casa stop in front of the house |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before | antes de la guerra before the war |
| reference | ABBYY LINGUO | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme 1 | ön | |
| lexeme 2 | önce | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | evin önünde in front of the house |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before | bir yıl önce a year ago |
| reference | Baskakov 1977: 702 | |
| comment | Interesting, that the same Turkish root take part in the antonymouse semantic shift "front part" - "future". Cf. önümüzdeki hafta 'the next week', lit. the week that is in front of us. |
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