in front of
→
before (temporal)
118 realizations
Multi-area
-
Comment
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | πρόσθεν | |
| meaning 1 | (of place) before, in front | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (of time) before, earlier, formerly | |
| reference | LSJ | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | πάροιθεν | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | heretofore, beforehand | |
| reference | LSJ | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | πρό | |
| meaning 1 | (of place) before, in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (of time) before | |
| reference | LSJ | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Archi | |
| lexeme | гьарак (harak) | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Assamese | |
| lexeme | āge (আগে, আগেয়ে) | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Candrakānta abhidhāna : Asamiyi sabdara butpatti aru udaharanere Asamiya-Ingraji dui bhashara artha thaka abhidhana. 2nd ed. Guwahati : Guwahati Bisbabidyalaya, 1962. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/candrakanta/ |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bashkir | |
| lexeme | ал | |
| meaning 1 | front part | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | time before something, eve | |
| reference | Bashkir Uraksin 1996: 21 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Batsbi | |
| lexeme | ⱨatx[ê] | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | |
| reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 285 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bughotu (Bugotu) | |
| lexeme | naɣo | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 116 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Buriat | |
| lexeme | урай | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Šagdarov, Čeremisov 2010 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Chukchee | |
| lexeme | t͡ɕit | |
| meaning 1 | front | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | NorthEuraLex CLICS-3 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Croatian | |
| lexeme | pred | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | HJP | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dutch | |
| lexeme | voor | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database Mironov 1987 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | before | |
| meaning 1 | in front, in advance of | Behind him march the halbardiers; before him sound the drums Halberdiers were marching behind him, the drums were played in front of him (OED) |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | He had never spoken to him before He had never spoken to him before |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Old English beforan "in front of, in former times; in the presence of, in front of in time or position (https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=before) | |
| NEW Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Esperanto | |
| lexeme | antaŭ | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Кондратьев Большой эсперанто-русский словарь |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Farsi | |
| lexeme | پیش piš | |
| meaning 1 | front; ahead | در صف پیش dar ṣaf-e piš in the front row |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | شب پیش šab-e piš last night |
| reference | Rubinčik 1970: 326 | |
| comment | ПРС 172. | |
| NEW Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | avant | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | NFRS | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gawwada (Ale) | |
| lexeme | miinatte | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | vor | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | der Stuhl steht vor dem Tisch the chair is in front of the table |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before | vor der Abreise before leaving |
| reference | ABBYY LINGUO | |
| comment | bevor 'before" (only temporal) | |
| NEW Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hawaiian | |
| lexeme | mua | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | NorthEuraLex CLICS-3 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | előtt | |
| meaning 1 | ahead | a ház előtt in front of the house |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | a forradalom előtt before the revolution |
| reference | Гальди 1974: 178 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hup | |
| lexeme | kɔ̌tʔah | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Italian | |
| lexeme | davanti a | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Vocabolario Treccani | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme | mae (前) | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database BJaRS | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 55 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kali'na (Carib) | |
| lexeme | uwapo | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 58 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kolyma (Southern) Yukaghir | |
| lexeme | keːjeː | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | NorthEuraLex CLICS-3 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 59 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komi | |
| lexeme | водзын | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 60 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme | ap (앞) | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | Nae ap-e saram-i itda (내 앞에 사람이 있다.) There is someone in front of me. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | Yeongsang jom ap-euro ga-bwa. (영상 좀 앞으로 가봐.) Can you go to a bit earlier in the video? |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 63 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kwaio | |
| lexeme | naʔo | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 115 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 65 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latin | |
| lexeme | ante | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Lewis, Short | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 66 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latin | |
| lexeme | prae | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Lewis, Short | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 69 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lower Sorbian | |
| lexeme | pśed | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 70 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Macedonian | |
| lexeme | пред | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | Има камион пред влезот од гаражата. There is a truck in front of the entrance to the garage. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | Пред смртта на мајка ти, живеевме на село. Before your mother's death, we lived in the countryside. |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 71 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mbula | |
| lexeme | -mūᵑgu | |
| meaning 1 | to go ahead | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to precede, go before | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 421 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 72 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Modern Greek | |
| lexeme | έμπροσθεν | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Xorikov, Malev 1993 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 75 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Muyuw | |
| lexeme | mug | |
| meaning 1 | to go ahead, go first | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to precede | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 421 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 78 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nganasan | |
| lexeme | нерәны | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Kosterkina, Momde, Ždanova 2001 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 80 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nogai | |
| lexeme | алдын | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Baskakov 1963 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 82 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pannonian Rusyn | |
| lexeme | пред | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | ишол предо мнє he walked in front of me |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | пред Крачуном before Christmas |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк https://archive.org/details/rusyn-serbian-dictionary-2010/page/n677/mode/1up?view=theater Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022) Анґлийско-руски словнїк, Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, page 20 https://archive.org/details/english-rusyn-dictionary-2022/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater https://archive.org/details/english-rusyn-dictionary-2022/page/n37/mode/1up?view=theater https://archive.org/details/english-rusyn-dictionary-2022/page/n225/mode/1up?view=theater |
|
| NEW Realization 83 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pashto | |
| lexeme | d̪əˈməxa | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | NorthEuraLex CLICS-3 | |
| comment | Northern Pashto |
|
| NEW Realization 84 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Portuguese | |
| lexeme | ante | |
| meaning 1 | (dated) in front of in space | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (dated) before (temporal) | |
| reference | DPLP | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 85 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Q'eqchi' | |
| lexeme | chi ru | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 87 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romani | |
| lexeme | angli | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment |
Selice Romani |
|
| NEW Realization 88 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Romanian | |
| lexeme | mai dinainte | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | MDA2 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 89 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | перед | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | Скамейка перед домом |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before | Перед войной |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 90 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sa'a (South Malaita, Apae'aa | |
| lexeme | naʔo | |
| meaning 1 | front | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | before | |
| reference | Ross, Pawley, Osmond: 5, 115 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 94 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Selkup | |
| lexeme | угон | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Bykonja 2005 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 95 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serbian | |
| lexeme | пред | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | C(ј)едни преда ме Sit in front of me |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | пред рат just before the war |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 96 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Slovenian | |
| lexeme | pred | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | KSSJ | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 97 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme 1 | delante | |
| lexeme 2 | antes | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | detenerse delante de la casa stop in front of the house |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before | antes de la guerra before the war |
| reference | ABBYY LINGUO | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 98 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swahili | |
| lexeme | mbele | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Polikanov | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 100 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tajiki | |
| lexeme | пешопеш | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Raximi, Uspenskaja 1954 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 108 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| lexeme | кэйэн | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | Kurilov 2001 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 109 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme 1 | ön | |
| lexeme 2 | önce | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | evin önünde in front of the house |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before | bir yıl önce a year ago |
| reference | Baskakov 1977: 702 | |
| comment | Interesting, that the same Turkish root take part in the antonymouse semantic shift "front part" - "future". Cf. önümüzdeki hafta 'the next week', lit. the week that is in front of us. |
|
| NEW Realization 111 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ukrainian | |
| lexeme | попереді | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | SUM-11 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 113 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Vietnamese | |
| lexeme | trước | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | SEAlang Vietnamese | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 114 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Votic | |
| lexeme | eezä, eeltä | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Adler, Grünberg & Leppik. Vadja keele sõnaraamat. Eesti Keele Sihtasutus. Tallinn 2012 |
|
| NEW Realization 117 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yaqui (Hiaki) | |
| lexeme | bichapo | |
| meaning 1 | in front of | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | before (temporal) | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | ||