hard, solid
→
greedy
7 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme | ṣaluba | |
| meaning 1 | 'to be hard, firm, rigid, stiff, tough, strong, robust, sturdy' | ṣalubat-i l-ʔarḍ-u mund̲u ʔaʕwām-in 'The land has been hard by lying waste for years' |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to be mean | ṣaluba ʕalā l-māl-i 'he was, or became, tenacious, or avaricious, of property' |
| reference | ||
| comment | (Lane 1711) Meaning A is rather "hard, solid" | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hill Mari | |
| lexeme | яча | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | stingy | |
| reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kabardian | |
| lexeme | быдэ (bǝde) | |
| meaning 1 | strong, hard, solid | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | stingy, mean | |
| reference | Kardanov 1957: 35 | |
| comment | СКЧЯ: 53 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kalmyk | |
| lexeme | хату | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | greedy | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Муниев Б. Д. Калмыцко-русский словарь. 1977. С. 583 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rutul | |
| lexeme | čʼidkʼɨd | |
| meaning 1 | firm, solid | mi xuw čʼidkʼɨd jiʔi, meli this bread is stale, don't eat it |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | greedy | čʼirkʼɨnow šešun sekinowɨs wɨlcʼar diš a miser never gives anything to anyone |
| reference | Alekseeva et al. 2023 Alisultanov, Sulejmanova 2019: 433 | |
| comment | In (Alisultanov, Sulejmanova 2019) there is no such shift (Mukhad dialect). Data given for Kina Rutul (filed data) |
|
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serbian | |
| lexeme | тврд (tvrd) | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | тврд метал, тврда земља hard metal, hard ground |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | greedy | Веомаје тврд, неће дати новац. He is very greedy, he won't give money. |
| reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 1305 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tabassaran | |
| lexeme | ижми (ižmi) | |
| meaning 1 | hard, firm, solid | ижми тIурин strong rope |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | acaricious, greedy (fig.) | мукьан ижми махьан Do not be mean. |
| reference | TabRus: 173 | |
| comment | ||