to carry
→
to endure
13 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | ὀχέω | |
| meaning 1 | to carry | |
| meaning 2 | to stand, to bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | LSJ 1280 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | φέρω | |
| meaning 1 | to carry | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to bear, to stand | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Arabic | |
| lexeme 1 | ḥamala | |
| lexeme 2 | ʔiḥtamala | |
| meaning 1 | to carry (a burden) | حَمَلَتْ حَمْلًا خَفِيفًا She bore a light burden. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to bear | إِنَّا ٱقْتَسَمْنَا خُطَّتَيْنَا بَيْنَنَا فَحَمَلْتَ بَرَّةَ وَٱحْتَمَلْتُ فَجَارِ Verily we have divided our two qualities between us, and thou hast borne as thy share goodness, and I have borne as my share wickedness. |
| reference | BK: I 494-495 Lane: 646 | |
| comment | Cf. Hbr. ḥāmal 'to have compassion, to treat with consideration' (HALOT root no. 2973). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Armenian | |
| lexeme | krel | |
| meaning 1 | to carry | |
| meaning 2 | to suffer, to undergo | patižǝ krel, tanǰank(h)ner krel to serve a prison term, to bear sufferings |
| reference | ||
| comment | АрмРС 369 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Armenian | |
| lexeme | tanel | |
| meaning 1 | to carry | |
| meaning 2 | to stand, to bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | АрмРС 648 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Botlikh | |
| lexeme | барлIи | |
| meaning 1 | to carry, to bear | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to endure | сураб гьагар барлIи to endure severe pain; |
| reference | Alekseev, Azaev 2019: 50 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | bear | |
| meaning 1 | to transfer, to transport [НБАРС 205] | to bear a banner to bear a banner [НБАРС 205] |
| meaning 2 | to stand, to bear [НБАРС 183] | to bear pain to stand pain [НБАРС 205] |
| reference | ||
| comment | The same in Icel. Bera | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Geez | |
| lexeme | ṣora | |
| meaning 1 | to carry | yəʯeyyəs təsor ʯos wa-sewa (Sir. 22:15) You better carry sand and salt. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to bear | ʔi-təkəl sawirotomu la-ʔəkuyn ʔəlla yəbəlu rəʔəsomu hawryt Apoc, 2:2 You cannto stand the wicked who say that they are apostles. |
| reference | CDG: 567 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | tragen | |
| meaning 1 | to carry [НЕМ 847] | etw. Ueber den Bach tragen to carry smth over a stream [Нем. 847] |
| meaning 2 | to stand, to bear [НЕМ 847] | etw. mit Geduld tragen to stand smth patiently [НЕМ 847] |
| reference | ||
| comment | Also ertragen 'to stand, to bear' [НЕМ 290] | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kildin Saami | |
| lexeme | кӯннѣтэ | |
| meaning 1 | to carry, to trasnport | кӯннѣтэ парна кӣд альн to carry a child in one's arms |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to endure | кӯннѣтэ грӣб ю̄лькэ альн to have flu and to stay on the move |
| reference | Kuruč 1985: 133 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Middle Persian (Pahlavi) | |
| lexeme | bar- | |
| meaning 1 | to carry, to trasnport | |
| meaning 2 | to stand, to bear | |
| reference | ||
| comment | This root has similar polysemy in many Iranian languages: ЭСИЯ 2, 85 etc. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | nesti | |
| lexeme 2 | perenosit' | |
| meaning 1 | to carry | нести груз to carry a load |
| meaning 2 | to bear | он мужественно переносил несчастье He bore the misery with courage. |
| reference | ||
| comment | Cf. also сносить (оскорбление) 'to bear insults', выносить (унижения) 'to bear humiliations' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swahili | |
| lexeme | beba | |
| meaning 1 | to carry on one's back | asiye nа mtoto nа abebe jiwe who is childless let him carry a stone on one's back (saying) |
| meaning 2 | to bear, to stand | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Polikanov | |