Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | ἄριστον | |
| Meaning 1 | breakfast, morning meal (early usage, i.e. Homeric) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | lunch, midday meal (later usage, replaced with ἀκράτισμα as word for breakfast) | |
| Reference | LSJ | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bulgarian | |
| Lexeme | ручок | |
| Meaning 1 | (dialect) late breakfast at 10 o'clock | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | (dialect) lunch, midday meal | |
| Reference | RNBE | |
| Comment | Macedonian доручек 'breakfast', ручек 'lunch', Croatian dòručak 'the second meal of the day, which is eaten before noon, usually between 10 and 11 o'clock', rúčak 'the main meal of the day, the main meal taken in the middle of the day, around noon' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ḡadāʔ (غَدَاء) | |
| Meaning 1 | breakfast | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | lunch, midday meal | |
| Reference | Lane | |
| Comment | From the root غ د و (ḡ-d-w); compare ḡadan (غَدًا) 'tomorrow', ḡadāh (غَدَاة) 'morning' “the morning-meal, that is eaten between daybreak and sunrise . . . it may therefore be rendered breakfast: but is now commonly applied to dinner, which is eaten soon after the prayer of noon” (Lane) |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | French | |
| Lexeme | déjeuner | |
| Meaning 1 | (dated, regional) breakfast | Alors que, les premiers mois, j'avais gardé mes heures de prière, de repos, de repas, que je m'étais crue obligée chaque jour de déjeuner, de dîner, de souper (...) Maintenant je vivais de bananes ou de mangues heure par heure. Giraudoux, Suzanne et le Pacifique,1921, p. 72. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | lunch, midday meal | J'ai eu ce jour la société du journal à déjeuner (Maine de Biran, Journal,1817, p. 57).Mais d'abord on déjeuna, sur le pouce (Pesquidoux, Livre raison,1928, p. 156): |
| Reference | CNRTL | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Hadhrami Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ḍ̠uḥā | |
| Meaning 1 | breakfast | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | lunch, midday meal | |
| Reference | WAD: II, 239 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Levantine Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ftụ̄r | |
| Meaning 1 | breakfast | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | lunch, midday meal | |
| Reference | WAD: II, 239 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Internal cognates | |
| Language | Northern Yemeni Arabic | |
| Lexeme 1 | budāʾ, budaʾ | |
| Lexeme 2 | budeʾ | |
| Meaning 1 | breakfast | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | lunch, midday meal | |
| Reference | WAD: II, 239 | |
| Comment | From the root bdʾ 'to begin' |
|