Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | to be stupefied | |
| meaning 1 | to be unable to think clearly | Stupefied by tiredness, she just sat in front of the fire |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be surprised, shocked | She was stupefied to learn that he didn't know how to make his bed |
| reference | CamEngDict | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | to stun | |
| meaning 1 | to deprive of consciousness or strength | The blow to his jaw stunned him for a moment |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to be surprised | Her wit stunned the audience |
| reference | EngDict.com | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | изумляться (izumlât’sâ) | |
| meaning 1 | to lose one's mind | отъ вина изумлятися to lose one's mind from drinking wine |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be surprised | Народ суду такому изумился The people were surprised at such a decision |
| reference | SRJa XI-XVII | |
| comment | In contemporary Russian izumlât’sâ no longer has the meaning 'to lose one's mind'. The direction of this realization is obvious judging from the inner form of the lexeme (lit. 'get oneself out of mind') |
|
| SUSPENDED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | обалдеть (obaldet’) | |
| lexeme 2 | обалдеть (obaldet’)’ | |
| meaning 1 | to lose one's mind | Я озяб, промок и обалдел от однообразной дорожной тряски I got cold, wet and stupefied from the monotone road jolting |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be surprised | — Из Томска?! — обалдел от удивления Соснин — From Tomsk?! — Sosnin was stpefied from astonishment |
| reference | MAS | |
| comment | The dictionary does not describe the second meaning, but it is evident from the example (taken from the Russian national corpus). The direction is obvious from the inner form with the root "balda" 'dumb' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | ошеломить (ošelomit’) | |
| meaning 1 | to cause to lose one's mind | Ошеломило — пришел в бесчувствие от удара I was shocked and lost consciousness from the blow |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be surprised | Женитьба Дантеса, поначалу всех ошеломившая The marriage of d'Anthès, which shocked everyone at first |
| reference | SRNG: 84 Fasmer 1986 | |
| comment | Etymologically, the word is derived from "šelom" 'helmet, the back part of an axe' and thus literally means 'to hit with the back part of an axe on the head' (Fasmer 1986). However, in dialects a word "ošelom" 'stupefaction, temporary loss of memory, consciousness' exists (SRNG). Interestingly, in dialects the word can mean 'to cause to lose one's mind' even with reference to situations where no striking is involved, e. g. for the effect of alcohol |
|
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Udmurt | |
| lexeme | уш кошкыны | |
| meaning 1 | to faint | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to be surprised | |
| reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| comment | Dialectal form |
|