enemy
→
army
11 realizations
Multi-area
Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Old French | |
| lexeme 1 | hostis | |
| lexeme 2 | ost | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | army (armed military force) | |
| reference | Robert historique | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Asturian | |
| lexeme 1 | hostis | |
| lexeme 2 | güestia | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (usually in the plural) army, troops | |
| reference | DLA | |
| comment | Xosé Lluis García Arias (2002–2004), Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana, Editorial Prensa Asturiana https://mas.lne.es/diccionario/buscador?q=g%C3%BCestia |
|
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Aromanian | |
| lexeme 1 | hostis | |
| lexeme 2 | oaste, oasti | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | army | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Romanian | |
| lexeme 1 | hostis | |
| lexeme 2 | oaste | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (archaic) army | |
| reference | DER | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Catalan | |
| lexeme 1 | hostis | |
| lexeme 2 | host | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | army | |
| reference | DIEC2 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Galician | |
| lexeme 1 | hostis | |
| lexeme 2 | hoste | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | army | |
| reference | DDDDLG | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Italian | |
| lexeme 1 | hostis | |
| lexeme 2 | oste | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | army or host, especially that of the enemy | |
| reference | Vocabolario Treccani | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Portuguese | |
| lexeme 1 | hostis | |
| lexeme 2 | hoste | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | host; army; military troop | |
| reference | DPLP | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Spanish | |
| lexeme 1 | hostis | |
| lexeme 2 | hueste | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | army | Los barrios orientales de la capital, heroicos en aquella épica, vivieron horas de zozobra tras el asedio de las huestes del Frente Sandinista, grupos irregulares que han sido armados para generar violencia y terror. (El País, 2018) |
| reference | DRAE | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tatar | |
| lexeme | яу | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | army | |
| reference | Asylgaraev, Ganiev et al. (eds.) 2007: 2, 724 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Wetarese (Erai) | |
| lexeme 1 | hunu | |
| lexeme 2 | hunu-rin | |
| meaning 1 | enemy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | army | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||