Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hill Mari | |
| Lexeme | сӹнзӓ цӓркӓ гань | |
| Meaning 1 | eyes wide (lit. like a cup) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be very surprised | |
| Reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
| Comment | The direction is evident from the non-compositionality of the second meaning |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Japanese | |
| Lexeme | me wo miharu (目を見張る) | |
| Meaning 1 | to open one's eyes wide | 眦が裂けるほど目を見張る He opens his eyes so widely they tear at the corners |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be amazed | その 新米のセールスマンが、トップの 販売 実績をあげた やり方指導員の目を見はらせた The manner in which the new salesman made top sales level was an eye-opener to his supervisor |
| Reference | Jisho | |
| Comment | The direction is evident because of the non-compositionality of the second meaning |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | баргысьны | |
| Meaning 1 | to stare | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be very surprised | |
| Reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| Comment | Dialectal form |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Meadow Mari | |
| Lexeme | шинчам караш | |
| Meaning 1 | to open one's eyes wide | Мотри, Бертан ӱмбакыже шинчатым пешыжак ит каркале, саҥгашкет пуля логал кертеш Do not gaze in the direction of Berta, a bullet might hit you in the forehead |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be surprised | Кукушкин адак казна оксам шотлен онча да шинчам карен шинчеш – окса адак ок сите Khukhushkin counts the state money and opens his eyes wide, there is not enough money again |
| Reference | Mari-Russian idiomatic dictionary | |
| Comment | The direction of the shift is evident form the non-compositionality of the second meaning |
|
This semantic shift is based on the physiological reaction of opening one's eyes wide when surprised (or scared)