raw
→
severe, harsh
5 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bulgarian | |
| lexeme | суров | |
| meaning 1 | raw | Сурово месо. Сурова коприна. Суров памук. Raw meat. Raw silk. Raw cotton. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | who shows severity, rudeness, cruelty; strict, harsh, merciless | Съдиите, които отначало му изглеждаха на обикновени хора, изведнъж се преобразиха на сурови, жестоки, неумолими същества, безсърдечни и глухи за молби и жалба. Г. Караславов. The judges, who at first appeared to him to be ordinary people, were suddenly transformed into harsh, cruel, implacable creatures, heartless and deaf to plea and complaint. G. Karaslavov. |
| reference | RNBE | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Croatian | |
| lexeme | sirov | |
| meaning 1 | raw | ovo je meso još sirovo this meat is still raw |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | severe, tough, rude, uncultured | |
| reference | HJP | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | roh | |
| meaning 1 | raw | rohes Fleisch row meat |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | harsh, crude | rohe Sitten crude manners |
| reference | Duden | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Old East Slavic | |
| language 2 | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | суровъ | |
| lexeme 2 | суровый | |
| meaning 1 | raw | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | severe, harsh | |
| reference | Fasmer 1986 | |
| comment | суровый связано чередованием гласных с сыроoй (Fasmer 1986) |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serbian | |
| lexeme | сиров (sirov) | |
| meaning 1 | raw | сирово месо, сирова риба raw meat, raw fish |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | severe, tough, rude, uncultured | људи сирови и дивљи, сирови криминалци tough and wild people, severe criminals |
| reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 1223 | |
| comment | ||