Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Abaza | |
| language 2 | Ubykh | |
| lexeme 1 | бага | |
| lexeme 2 | б'агьашә | |
| meaning 1 | fox (Vulpes vulpes) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | jackal | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Abkhaz: а́бга (ábga) 'wolf', Adyghe баджэ (badžɛ) 'fox' (borrowed to Ubykh baǯ́á 'fox'), Kabardian бажэ (bažɛ) 'fox' Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*bHV̆rgĂ”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Ancient Hebrew | |
| lexeme | šūˁāl | |
| meaning 1 | fox (Vulpes vulpes) | ˁal har-ṣiyyōn šä-šāmēm šūˁālīm hilləḵū bō (Lam. 5:18) Because of the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes walk upon it. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | jackal | wa-yyēläḵ šimšōn wa-yyilḵōḏ šəlōš mēˀōt šūˁālīm (Jud. 15:4) And Samson went and caught three hundred foxes. |
| reference | HALOT: 1445 Gesenius, 1859: root 7776 | |
| comment | Biblical contexts are ambiguous. Meanwhile, jackals are apparently the animals which are intended. For example, in Jud. 15:4 because foxes are not easily caught alive, and in Psa. 63:11 since foxes do not devour dead bodies, but jackals do. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Byzantine Greek | |
| language 2 | Pontic Greek | |
| lexeme 1 | ἀλώπηξ | |
| lexeme 2 | θώπεκας | |
| meaning 1 | fox (Vulpes vulpes) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | jackal | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Inherited from an unattested Byzantine Greek blend of θώς 'jackal' + ἀλώπηξ 'fox'. Classical Armenian tʻepek (թեպեկ), tʻobēk (թոբէկ) 'jackal' is borrowed from the same source. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language 1 | Khmer | |
| language 2 | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme 1 | sekiəl (សិគាល) | |
| lexeme 2 | sṛgālá (सृगाल) | |
| meaning 1 | fox (Vulpes vulpes) | |
| direction | ← | |
| meaning 2 | jackal | |
| reference | SEAlang Khmer | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme 1 | hú (狐) | |
| lexeme 2 | húláng (狐狼) | |
| meaning 1 | fox (Vulpes vulpes) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | jackal | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | láng (狼) 'wolf' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language 1 | Thai | |
| language 2 | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme 1 | sì-kaan (ศิคาล) | |
| lexeme 2 | sṛgālá (सृगाल) | |
| meaning 1 | fox (Vulpes vulpes) | |
| direction | ← | |
| meaning 2 | jackal | |
| reference | SEAlang Thai | |
| comment | ||
From PS *ṯVˁVl-, *ṯaˁlab- ‘fox’ (SED II No. 237; Kogan 2011: 208) for Semitic languages.