Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 1804 | awake | → | to guard | Open |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Amharic | |
| lexeme | näḳḳa | |
| meaning 1 | to awaken, wake up | band säʔat näḳḳahu I woke up at seven o'clock |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be alert, on one's guard | həzbawi dərəğğətočč ṣärä abyotäññoččən näḳtäw əndiṭäbbəḳu mämmäriya täsäṭṭä Mass organizations have been given instructions to be on the alert against counter revolutionaries. |
| reference | AED: 83 Leslau 1973: 83 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Ancient Hebrew | |
| lexeme | עוּר ˁūr | |
| meaning 1 | to be alert, watchful | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to wake up, to be awake | |
| reference | Gesenius, 1859 | |
| comment | The verb עוּר ˁūr connects with the meaning 'to be hot, ardent', hence to be alert, watchful (in opposition both to sleep and to idleness), and then, to wake up, to awake (Gesenius Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon). |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme | اِسْتَيْقَظَ̣ ʔistayḳaẓa (X-stem) | |
| meaning 1 | to wake up | ʔistayḳaẓa min nawm-i-hi He woke up from his sleep. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to pay attention, to be alert | huwa yastayḳiẓu ʔilā´ ́ṣawt-i-hi He is paying attention to his voice/to his words, or he is listening to him. |
| reference | Lane: 2979 | |
| comment | Both meanings are present in يَقِظَ yaḳiẓa (I-stem), and تَيَقَّظَ tayaḳḳaẓa (V-stem) with the same root. Cf. also يَقِظ yaḳiẓ- 'non sleeping, awake; vigilant, wary, cautious; having his attention roused'. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme 1 | wachen | |
| lexeme 2 | Wache | |
| meaning 1 | to be awake | er hat die ganze Nacht gewacht und auf sie gewartet he stayed awake all night waiting for her |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | guard, watch | auf Wache sein auf Wache sein |
| reference | DWDS | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latin | |
| lexeme | vigilo | |
| meaning 1 | to keep or be awake at night | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to be watchful or vigilant | |
| reference | Lewis, Short Dvoreckij 1976 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lezgian | |
| lexeme | уях | |
| meaning 1 | awake | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | vigilant | |
| reference | LezgRus | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | бдеть | |
| lexeme 2 | бдительный | |
| meaning 1 | (archaic) to be awake | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | vigilant | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | uyanık | |
| meaning 1 | awake | Tom kendini uyanık tutmak için birkaç fincan kahve içti. Tom drank a few cups of coffee to keep himself awake. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | vigilant | Her zaman uyanık olmak zorundayız. We have to be alert all the time. |
| reference | glosbe.com Baskakov 1977: 882 | |
| comment | ||